Matthew 20:11

Authorized King James Version

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And when they had received it, they murmured against the goodman of the house,

Original Language Analysis

λαβόντες when they had received G2983
λαβόντες when they had received
Strong's: G2983
Word #: 1 of 6
while g0138 is more violent, to seize or remove))
δὲ And G1161
δὲ And
Strong's: G1161
Word #: 2 of 6
but, and, etc
ἐγόγγυζον it they murmured G1111
ἐγόγγυζον it they murmured
Strong's: G1111
Word #: 3 of 6
to grumble
κατὰ against G2596
κατὰ against
Strong's: G2596
Word #: 4 of 6
(prepositionally) down (in place or time), in varied relations (according to the case (genitive, dative or accusative) with which it is joined)
τοῦ G3588
τοῦ
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 5 of 6
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
οἰκοδεσπότου the goodman of the house G3617
οἰκοδεσπότου the goodman of the house
Strong's: G3617
Word #: 6 of 6
the head of a family

Analysis & Commentary

And when they had received it, they murmured against the goodman of the house (λαβόντες δὲ ἐγόγγυζον κατὰ τοῦ οἰκοδεσπότου, labontes de egonguzon kata tou oikodespotou)—The verb γογγύζω (gonguzō, to murmur, grumble) is the same used for Israel's wilderness complaints against God (Exod. 16:7-8, LXX). Their murmuring is not against fellow workers but against the goodman (κατὰ τοῦ οἰκοδεσπότου, kata tou oikodespotou), the master of the house. This exposes the heart issue: their quarrel is with God's sovereign grace, not merely wage distribution.

The tragedy is that when they had received it (λαβόντες, labontes)—having obtained precisely what was promised—they complain. Receipt of covenant blessing doesn't guarantee a grace-shaped heart. Like the Pharisees who resented Jesus eating with sinners (Luke 15:2), these workers reveal that long tenure can breed entitlement rather than gratitude. Their murmuring demonstrates that time served doesn't automatically produce mature faith.

Historical Context

Murmuring (γογγυσμός, gongusmos) was Israel's characteristic sin in the wilderness, expressing distrust of God's provision and character. Jesus's original audience would hear echoes of their ancestors' faithlessness. The parable confronts first-century Jewish believers tempted to resent God's grace to Gentiles and sinners, viewing it as injustice rather than mercy.

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