Mark 4:31

Authorized King James Version

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It is like a grain of mustard seed, which, when it is sown in the earth, is less than all the seeds that be in the earth:

Original Language Analysis

ὡς It is like G5613
ὡς It is like
Strong's: G5613
Word #: 1 of 18
which how, i.e., in that manner (very variously used, as follows)
κόκκῳ a grain G2848
κόκκῳ a grain
Strong's: G2848
Word #: 2 of 18
a kernel of seed
σινάπεως of mustard seed G4615
σινάπεως of mustard seed
Strong's: G4615
Word #: 3 of 18
mustard (the plant)
ὃς which G3739
ὃς which
Strong's: G3739
Word #: 4 of 18
the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that
ὅταν when G3752
ὅταν when
Strong's: G3752
Word #: 5 of 18
whenever (implying hypothesis or more or less uncertainty); also causatively (conjunctionally) inasmuch as
σπαρῇ it is sown G4687
σπαρῇ it is sown
Strong's: G4687
Word #: 6 of 18
to scatter, i.e., sow (literally or figuratively)
ἐπὶ in G1909
ἐπὶ in
Strong's: G1909
Word #: 7 of 18
properly, meaning superimposition (of time, place, order, etc.), as a relation of distribution (with the genitive case), i.e., over, upon, etc.; of re
τῆς G3588
τῆς
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 8 of 18
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
γῆς the earth G1093
γῆς the earth
Strong's: G1093
Word #: 9 of 18
soil; by extension a region, or the solid part or the whole of the terrene globe (including the occupants in each application)
μικρότερος is less G3398
μικρότερος is less
Strong's: G3398
Word #: 10 of 18
small (in size, quantity, number or (figuratively) dignity)
πάντων than all G3956
πάντων than all
Strong's: G3956
Word #: 11 of 18
all, any, every, the whole
τῶν G3588
τῶν
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 12 of 18
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
σπερμάτων the seeds G4690
σπερμάτων the seeds
Strong's: G4690
Word #: 13 of 18
something sown, i.e., seed (including the male "sperm"); by implication, offspring; specially, a remnant (figuratively, as if kept over for planting)
ἐστὶν that be G2076
ἐστὶν that be
Strong's: G2076
Word #: 14 of 18
he (she or it) is; also (with neuter plural) they are
τῶν G3588
τῶν
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 15 of 18
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
ἐπὶ in G1909
ἐπὶ in
Strong's: G1909
Word #: 16 of 18
properly, meaning superimposition (of time, place, order, etc.), as a relation of distribution (with the genitive case), i.e., over, upon, etc.; of re
τῆς G3588
τῆς
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 17 of 18
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
γῆς the earth G1093
γῆς the earth
Strong's: G1093
Word #: 18 of 18
soil; by extension a region, or the solid part or the whole of the terrene globe (including the occupants in each application)

Analysis & Commentary

Jesus answers His question: 'It is like a grain of mustard seed, which, when it is sown in the earth, is less than all the seeds that be in the earth.' The mustard seed (σίναπι, sinapi) was proverbially small—'less than all seeds' (μικρότερον...πάντων τῶν σπερμάτων) is hyperbolic but makes the point: exceptionally small beginning. This represents kingdom's humble origins—crucified carpenter, twelve unimpressive disciples, small Palestinian sect. The emphasis on 'when it is sown' indicates mustard seed's potential isn't inherent but realized when planted in soil. Similarly, kingdom grows through gospel sown in hearts. Small beginnings don't limit great outcomes when God's power works.

Historical Context

Black mustard (Brassica nigra or Sinapis nigra) produces tiny seeds (1-2mm diameter) yet grows into large shrub (8-12 feet). Palestinian farmers knew this dramatic transformation. Jesus uses proverbial smallness to emphasize contrast: tiny seed → large plant. Kingdom history vindicates parable: crucified Christ → worldwide church; twelve apostles → millions of believers; Jerusalem sect → global faith. Early church was tiny, despised minority; now Christianity is world's largest religion. This encourages faithful witness despite small, unpromising beginnings.

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