Luke 8:52

Authorized King James Version

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And all wept, and bewailed her: but he said, Weep not; she is not dead, but sleepeth.

Original Language Analysis

κλαίετε Weep G2799
κλαίετε Weep
Strong's: G2799
Word #: 1 of 15
to sob, i.e., wail aloud (whereas 1145 is rather to cry silently)
δὲ And G1161
δὲ And
Strong's: G1161
Word #: 2 of 15
but, and, etc
πάντες all G3956
πάντες all
Strong's: G3956
Word #: 3 of 15
all, any, every, the whole
καὶ and G2532
καὶ and
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 4 of 15
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
ἐκόπτοντο bewailed G2875
ἐκόπτοντο bewailed
Strong's: G2875
Word #: 5 of 15
to "chop"; specially, to beat the breast in grief
αὐτήν her G846
αὐτήν her
Strong's: G846
Word #: 6 of 15
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
G3588
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 7 of 15
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
δὲ And G1161
δὲ And
Strong's: G1161
Word #: 8 of 15
but, and, etc
εἶπεν he said G2036
εἶπεν he said
Strong's: G2036
Word #: 9 of 15
to speak or say (by word or writing)
Μὴ not G3361
Μὴ not
Strong's: G3361
Word #: 10 of 15
(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas g3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether
κλαίετε Weep G2799
κλαίετε Weep
Strong's: G2799
Word #: 11 of 15
to sob, i.e., wail aloud (whereas 1145 is rather to cry silently)
οὐκ not G3756
οὐκ not
Strong's: G3756
Word #: 12 of 15
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
ἀπέθανεν dead G599
ἀπέθανεν dead
Strong's: G599
Word #: 13 of 15
to die off (literally or figuratively)
ἀλλὰ but G235
ἀλλὰ but
Strong's: G235
Word #: 14 of 15
properly, other things, i.e., (adverbially) contrariwise (in many relations)
καθεύδει sleepeth G2518
καθεύδει sleepeth
Strong's: G2518
Word #: 15 of 15
to lie down to rest, i.e., (by implication) to fall asleep (literally or figuratively)

Analysis & Commentary

And all wept, and bewailed her (ἔκλαιον δὲ πάντες καὶ ἐκόπτοντο αὐτήν)—the imperfect tense indicates ongoing weeping and loud lamentation. The verb koptō (bewailed) literally means 'to beat' (the breast in mourning), describing the demonstrative grief displays common in ancient Near Eastern death rituals. But he said, Weep not; she is not dead, but sleepeth (μὴ κλαίετε· οὐ γὰρ ἀπέθανεν ἀλλὰ καθεύδει)—Jesus's present imperative klaiete commands them to stop their weeping immediately.

The statement she is not dead, but sleepeth doesn't deny biological death (Luke explicitly states in v.55 that 'her spirit came again') but reframes death from the perspective of Jesus's resurrection power. For Christ, death is temporary sleep because he possesses authority to awaken the dead. This anticipates his declaration at Lazarus's tomb: 'Our friend Lazarus sleepeth; but I go, that I may awake him out of sleep' (John 11:11). Paul later uses this same sleep metaphor for believers who have died (1 Thessalonians 4:13-14).

Historical Context

First-century mourning practices were immediate and intense—bodies were buried within 24 hours due to climate, and mourning began instantly upon death. The presence of mourners confirmed the finality of death in the community's eyes, making their ridicule of Jesus (v.53) a public attestation that the girl was genuinely deceased, not merely unconscious or in a coma.

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