Luke Chapter 6 · Verse 14
Simon, (whom he also named Peter,) and Andrew his brother, James and John, Philip and Bartholomew,
Original Language Analysis
ὃν
(whom
G3739
ὃν
(whom
Strong's:
G3739
Word #:
2 of 16
the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that
καὶ
and
G2532
καὶ
and
Strong's:
G2532
Word #:
3 of 16
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
ὠνόμασεν
named
G3687
ὠνόμασεν
named
Strong's:
G3687
Word #:
4 of 16
to name, i.e., assign an appellation; by extension, to utter, mention, profess
Πέτρον
Peter
G4074
Πέτρον
Peter
Strong's:
G4074
Word #:
5 of 16
a (piece of) rock (larger than g3037); as a name, petrus, an apostle
καὶ
and
G2532
καὶ
and
Strong's:
G2532
Word #:
6 of 16
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
τὸν
G3588
τὸν
Strong's:
G3588
Word #:
8 of 16
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
ἀδελφὸν
brother
G80
ἀδελφὸν
brother
Strong's:
G80
Word #:
9 of 16
a brother (literally or figuratively) near or remote (much like g0001)
αὐτοῦ
his
G846
αὐτοῦ
his
Strong's:
G846
Word #:
10 of 16
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
καὶ
and
G2532
καὶ
and
Strong's:
G2532
Word #:
12 of 16
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
Φίλιππον
Philip
G5376
Φίλιππον
Philip
Strong's:
G5376
Word #:
14 of 16
fond of horses; philippus, the name of four israelites
Cross References
Acts 1:13And when they were come in, they went up into an upper room, where abode both Peter, and James, and John, and Andrew, Philip, and Thomas, Bartholomew, and Matthew, James the son of Alphaeus, and Simon Zelotes, and Judas the brother of James.Matthew 4:21And going on from thence, he saw other two brethren, James the son of Zebedee, and John his brother, in a ship with Zebedee their father, mending their nets; and he called them.Matthew 4:18And Jesus, walking by the sea of Galilee, saw two brethren, Simon called Peter, and Andrew his brother, casting a net into the sea: for they were fishers.
Historical Context
Twelve apostles diverse backgrounds. Peter Andrew James John fishermen. Matthew tax collector. Simon Zealot revolutionary. Judas Iscariot betrayer. Most Galileans blue collar workers. Not educated elite but ordinary. This pattern continues Acts uneducated unlearned men amazed authorities (4:13). God chooses weak foolish base things (1 Cor 1:27-29). Paul educated but emphasized weakness boasted in weakness. Early church leadership from all classes. Medieval church educated elite. Reformation priesthood all believers lay people valued. Modern church debates credentialism versus gifting. Biblical pattern God equips whom He calls.
Questions for Reflection
- What does diverse backgrounds of apostles teach about who God calls to ministry?
- How does Jesus choosing ordinary uneducated men challenge modern credentialism in ministry?
Analysis & Commentary
Simon whom he also named Peter and Andrew his brother James and John Philip and Bartholomew. List of twelve begins. Simon Simōn Jewish name. Named Peter Petros rock. Andrew Andreas Peter brother. James Iakōbos son of Zebedee. John Iōannēs James brother beloved disciple. Philip Philippos. Bartholomew Bartholomaios likely Nathanael. Jesus renamed Simon Peter prophetic rock solid foundation. Twelve named specifically. Personalities backgrounds varied. Peter leader spokesman. John beloved disciple. James first martyr. Ordinary men extraordinary calling. Reformed theology emphasizes God uses weak things confound mighty. Apostles not qualified by education pedigree but by divine calling.