Luke 2:9

Authorized King James Version

And, lo, the angel of the Lord came upon them, and the glory of the Lord shone round about them: and they were sore afraid.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
καὶ
And
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#2
ἰδού,
lo
used as imperative lo!
#3
ἄγγελος
G32
the angel
compare g0034) (to bring tidings); a messenger; especially an "angel"; by implication, a pastor
#4
κυρίου
of the Lord
supreme in authority, i.e., (as noun) controller; by implication, master (as a respectful title)
#5
ἐπέστη
came upon
to stand upon, i.e., be present (in various applications, friendly or otherwise, usually literal)
#6
αὐτούς
them
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#7
καὶ
And
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#8
δόξα
the glory
glory (as very apparent), in a wide application (literal or figurative, objective or subjective)
#9
κυρίου
of the Lord
supreme in authority, i.e., (as noun) controller; by implication, master (as a respectful title)
#10
περιέλαμψεν
shone round about
to illuminate all around, i.e., invest with a halo
#11
αὐτούς
them
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#12
καὶ
And
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#13
ἐφοβήθησαν
afraid
to frighten, i.e., (passively) to be alarmed; by analogy, to be in awe of, i.e., revere
#14
φόβον
alarm or fright
#15
μέγαν
they were sore
big (literally or figuratively, in a very wide application)

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to Luke. The concept of glory reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The divine name or title here functions within biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness to establish theological authority and covenantal relationship. The original language emphasizes the covenant name Yahweh, emphasizing God's faithfulness to His promises, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The historical context of the biblical period relevant to this book's composition provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The the cultural context of the biblical world would have shaped how the original audience understood glory. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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