Luke 19:21

Authorized King James Version

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For I feared thee, because thou art an austere man: thou takest up that thou layedst not down, and reapest that thou didst not sow.

Original Language Analysis

ἐφοβούμην I feared G5399
ἐφοβούμην I feared
Strong's: G5399
Word #: 1 of 16
to frighten, i.e., (passively) to be alarmed; by analogy, to be in awe of, i.e., revere
γάρ For G1063
γάρ For
Strong's: G1063
Word #: 2 of 16
properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often with other particles)
σε thee G4571
σε thee
Strong's: G4571
Word #: 3 of 16
thee
ὅτι because G3754
ὅτι because
Strong's: G3754
Word #: 4 of 16
demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because
ἄνθρωπος man G444
ἄνθρωπος man
Strong's: G444
Word #: 5 of 16
man-faced, i.e., a human being
αὐστηρὸς an austere G840
αὐστηρὸς an austere
Strong's: G840
Word #: 6 of 16
rough (properly as a gale), i.e., (figuratively) severe
εἶ thou art G1488
εἶ thou art
Strong's: G1488
Word #: 7 of 16
thou art
αἴρεις thou takest up G142
αἴρεις thou takest up
Strong's: G142
Word #: 8 of 16
to lift up; by implication, to take up or away; figuratively, to raise (the voice), keep in suspense (the mind), specially, to sail away (i.e., weigh
that G3739
that
Strong's: G3739
Word #: 9 of 16
the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that
οὐκ not G3756
οὐκ not
Strong's: G3756
Word #: 10 of 16
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
ἔθηκας down G5087
ἔθηκας down
Strong's: G5087
Word #: 11 of 16
to place (in the widest application, literally and figuratively; properly, in a passive or horizontal posture, and thus different from g2476, which pr
καὶ and G2532
καὶ and
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 12 of 16
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
θερίζεις reapest G2325
θερίζεις reapest
Strong's: G2325
Word #: 13 of 16
to harvest
that G3739
that
Strong's: G3739
Word #: 14 of 16
the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that
οὐκ not G3756
οὐκ not
Strong's: G3756
Word #: 15 of 16
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
ἔσπειρας sow G4687
ἔσπειρας sow
Strong's: G4687
Word #: 16 of 16
to scatter, i.e., sow (literally or figuratively)

Analysis & Commentary

I feared thee, because thou art an austere man (ἐφοβούμην γάρ σε, ὅτι ἄνθρωπος αὐστηρὸς εἶ, ephoboumēn gar se, hoti anthrōpos austēros ei)—the servant blames his inaction on the master's character. Austēros (austere, harsh, severe) appears only here in the NT, describing someone exacting and stern. This accusation is revealing: the servant fundamentally mistrusts and misrepresents his master.

Thou takest up that thou layedst not down, and reapest that thou didst not sow (αἴρεις ὃ οὐκ ἔθηκας καὶ θερίζεις ὃ οὐκ ἔσπειρας, aireis ho ouk ethēkas kai therizeis ho ouk espeiras)—he accuses the master of unjustly profiting from others' labor. This reveals his heart: he views God as a cosmic tyrant demanding the impossible, reaping benefits without sowing investment. This false theology produces paralysis: 'Why try? I'll fail and be punished.' Satan peddles this lie to neutralize believers. The truth: God is generous, providing resources, opportunities, and power for fruitful service (2 Corinthians 9:8).

Historical Context

The accusation of reaping unplanted crops and gathering what wasn't deposited described exploitation—wealthy landowners profiting from sharecroppers' labor. If the master truly operated this way, giving the servant a mina to trade would contradict the accusation: he did 'lay down' capital. The servant's excuse was internally inconsistent. Fear-based religion that views God as harsh and demanding produces either paralysis (this servant) or mechanical works-righteousness (Pharisees). Both miss the gospel.

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