Leviticus 5:11

Authorized King James Version

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But if he be not able to bring two turtledoves, or two young pigeons, then he that sinned shall bring for his offering the tenth part of an ephah of fine flour for a sin offering; he shall put no oil upon it, neither shall he put any frankincense thereon: for it is a sin offering.

Original Language Analysis

וְאִם H518
וְאִם
Strong's: H518
Word #: 1 of 30
used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not
לֹא֩ H3808
לֹא֩
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 2 of 30
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
תַשִּׂ֨יג be not able to bring H5381
תַשִּׂ֨יג be not able to bring
Strong's: H5381
Word #: 3 of 30
to reach (literally or figuratively)
יָד֜וֹ But if he H3027
יָד֜וֹ But if he
Strong's: H3027
Word #: 4 of 30
a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v
לִשְׁנֵ֣י or two H8147
לִשְׁנֵ֣י or two
Strong's: H8147
Word #: 5 of 30
two; also (as ordinal) twofold
תֹרִ֗ים turtledoves H8449
תֹרִ֗ים turtledoves
Strong's: H8449
Word #: 6 of 30
a ring-dove, often (figuratively) as a term of endearment
אוֹ֮ H176
אוֹ֮
Strong's: H176
Word #: 7 of 30
desire (and so probably in proverbs 31:4); hence (by way of alternative) or, also if
לִשְׁנֵ֣י or two H8147
לִשְׁנֵ֣י or two
Strong's: H8147
Word #: 8 of 30
two; also (as ordinal) twofold
בְנֵֽי young H1121
בְנֵֽי young
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 9 of 30
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
יוֹנָה֒ pigeons H3123
יוֹנָה֒ pigeons
Strong's: H3123
Word #: 10 of 30
a dove (apparently from the warmth of their mating)
וְהֵבִ֨יא shall bring H935
וְהֵבִ֨יא shall bring
Strong's: H935
Word #: 11 of 30
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 12 of 30
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
קָרְבָּנ֜וֹ for his offering H7133
קָרְבָּנ֜וֹ for his offering
Strong's: H7133
Word #: 13 of 30
something brought near the altar, i.e., a sacrificial present
אֲשֶׁ֣ר H834
אֲשֶׁ֣ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 14 of 30
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
חָטָ֗א then he that sinned H2398
חָטָ֗א then he that sinned
Strong's: H2398
Word #: 15 of 30
properly, to miss; hence (figuratively and generally) to sin; by inference, to forfeit, lack, expiate, repent, (causatively) lead astray, condemn
עֲשִׂירִ֧ת the tenth H6224
עֲשִׂירִ֧ת the tenth
Strong's: H6224
Word #: 16 of 30
tenth; by abbreviation, tenth month or (feminine) part
הָֽאֵפָ֛ה part of an ephah H374
הָֽאֵפָ֛ה part of an ephah
Strong's: H374
Word #: 17 of 30
an ephah or measure for grain; hence, a measure in general
סֹ֖לֶת of fine flour H5560
סֹ֖לֶת of fine flour
Strong's: H5560
Word #: 18 of 30
flour (as chipped off)
חַטָּ֖את for a sin offering H2403
חַטָּ֖את for a sin offering
Strong's: H2403
Word #: 19 of 30
an offence (sometimes habitual sinfulness), and its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, or expiation; also (concretely) an offender
לֹֽא H3808
לֹֽא
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 20 of 30
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
יָשִׂ֨ים he shall put H7760
יָשִׂ֨ים he shall put
Strong's: H7760
Word #: 21 of 30
to put (used in a great variety of applications, literal, figurative, inferentially, and elliptically)
עָלֶ֜יהָ H5921
עָלֶ֜יהָ
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 22 of 30
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
שֶׁ֗מֶן no oil H8081
שֶׁ֗מֶן no oil
Strong's: H8081
Word #: 23 of 30
grease, especially liquid (as from the olive, often perfumed); figuratively, richness
וְלֹֽא H3808
וְלֹֽא
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 24 of 30
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
יִתֵּ֤ן upon it neither shall he put H5414
יִתֵּ֤ן upon it neither shall he put
Strong's: H5414
Word #: 25 of 30
to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
עָלֶ֙יהָ֙ H5921
עָלֶ֙יהָ֙
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 26 of 30
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
לְבֹנָ֔ה any frankincense H3828
לְבֹנָ֔ה any frankincense
Strong's: H3828
Word #: 27 of 30
frankincense (from its whiteness or perhaps that of its smoke)
כִּ֥י H3588
כִּ֥י
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 28 of 30
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
חַטָּ֖את for a sin offering H2403
חַטָּ֖את for a sin offering
Strong's: H2403
Word #: 29 of 30
an offence (sometimes habitual sinfulness), and its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, or expiation; also (concretely) an offender
הִֽוא׃ H1931
הִֽוא׃
Strong's: H1931
Word #: 30 of 30
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo

Analysis & Commentary

But if he be not able to bring two turtledoves, or two young pigeons, then he that sinned shall bring for his offering the tenth part of an ephah of fine flour for a sin offering; he shall put no oil upon it, neither shall he put any frankincense thereon: for it is a sin offering.

This verse falls within the section on Guilt Offerings. The guilt offering (אָשָׁם, asham) addressed specific trespasses requiring both sacrifice and restitution, emphasizing sin's relational damage.

The five main offerings (burnt, grain, peace, sin, and guilt) addressed different aspects of relationship with God, all fulfilled in Christ's comprehensive sacrifice.
The access to God's presence that Leviticus carefully regulated is now freely available through Christ's blood, tearing the veil and opening the way to God.

Historical Context

The guilt offering (אָשָׁם, asham) addressed specific trespasses requiring both sacrifice and restitution, emphasizing sin's relational damage. Leviticus was given to Israel at Mount Sinai, shortly after the tabernacle's construction described in Exodus. The name 'Leviticus' (from Latin Leviticus, referring to the Levites) reflects its focus on priestly duties, though the Hebrew title Wayyiqra ('And He called') emphasizes God's initiative in revealing these laws. The first seven chapters detail the five main offerings, providing both worshiper instructions and priestly procedures. Ancient Near Eastern cultures had various sacrificial systems, but Israel's sacrificial worship was unique in its ethical foundation, monotheistic framework, and emphasis on atonement rather than appeasement. Unlike pagan rituals focused on manipulating deities, Israel's sacrifices acknowledged God's sovereignty and sought reconciliation based on His gracious provision. Archaeological discoveries at sites like Ugarit reveal Canaanite religious practices Israel's laws explicitly rejected, confirming the Bible's historical reliability and the distinctiveness of Israelite worship.

Questions for Reflection

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