Leviticus 4:23

Authorized King James Version

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Or if his sin, wherein he hath sinned, come to his knowledge; he shall bring his offering, a kid of the goats, a male without blemish:

Original Language Analysis

אֽוֹ H176
אֽוֹ
Strong's: H176
Word #: 1 of 14
desire (and so probably in proverbs 31:4); hence (by way of alternative) or, also if
הוֹדַ֤ע come to his knowledge H3045
הוֹדַ֤ע come to his knowledge
Strong's: H3045
Word #: 2 of 14
to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing); used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally, euphemistically and inferentially (including o
אֵלָיו֙ H413
אֵלָיו֙
Strong's: H413
Word #: 3 of 14
near, with or among; often in general, to
חַטָּאת֔וֹ Or if his sin H2403
חַטָּאת֔וֹ Or if his sin
Strong's: H2403
Word #: 4 of 14
an offence (sometimes habitual sinfulness), and its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, or expiation; also (concretely) an offender
אֲשֶׁ֥ר H834
אֲשֶׁ֥ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 5 of 14
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
חָטָ֖א wherein he hath sinned H2398
חָטָ֖א wherein he hath sinned
Strong's: H2398
Word #: 6 of 14
properly, to miss; hence (figuratively and generally) to sin; by inference, to forfeit, lack, expiate, repent, (causatively) lead astray, condemn
בָּ֑הּ H0
בָּ֑הּ
Strong's: H0
Word #: 7 of 14
וְהֵבִ֧יא he shall bring H935
וְהֵבִ֧יא he shall bring
Strong's: H935
Word #: 8 of 14
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 9 of 14
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
קָרְבָּנ֛וֹ his offering H7133
קָרְבָּנ֛וֹ his offering
Strong's: H7133
Word #: 10 of 14
something brought near the altar, i.e., a sacrificial present
שְׂעִ֥יר a kid H8163
שְׂעִ֥יר a kid
Strong's: H8163
Word #: 11 of 14
shaggy; as noun, a he-goat; by analogy, a faun
עִזִּ֖ים of the goats H5795
עִזִּ֖ים of the goats
Strong's: H5795
Word #: 12 of 14
a she-goat (as strong), but masculine in plural (which also is used elliptically for goat's hair)
זָכָ֥ר a male H2145
זָכָ֥ר a male
Strong's: H2145
Word #: 13 of 14
properly, remembered, i.e., a male (of man or animals, as being the most noteworthy sex)
תָּמִֽים׃ without blemish H8549
תָּמִֽים׃ without blemish
Strong's: H8549
Word #: 14 of 14
entire (literally, figuratively or morally); also (as noun) integrity, truth

Analysis & Commentary

Or if his sin, wherein he hath sinned, come to his knowledge; he shall bring his offering, a kid of the goats, a male without blemish:

This verse falls within the section on Sin Offerings. The sin offering (חַטָּאת, chattat) provided atonement for unintentional sins, addressing the defilement sin causes in God's holy presence.

The five main offerings (burnt, grain, peace, sin, and guilt) addressed different aspects of relationship with God, all fulfilled in Christ's comprehensive sacrifice.
What Leviticus portrayed through types and shadows, Christ fulfilled in reality through His incarnation, perfect life, atoning death, and resurrection.

Historical Context

The sin offering (חַטָּאת, chattat) provided atonement for unintentional sins, addressing the defilement sin causes in God's holy presence. Leviticus was given to Israel at Mount Sinai, shortly after the tabernacle's construction described in Exodus. The name 'Leviticus' (from Latin Leviticus, referring to the Levites) reflects its focus on priestly duties, though the Hebrew title Wayyiqra ('And He called') emphasizes God's initiative in revealing these laws. The first seven chapters detail the five main offerings, providing both worshiper instructions and priestly procedures. Ancient Near Eastern cultures had various sacrificial systems, but Israel's sacrificial worship was unique in its ethical foundation, monotheistic framework, and emphasis on atonement rather than appeasement. Unlike pagan rituals focused on manipulating deities, Israel's sacrifices acknowledged God's sovereignty and sought reconciliation based on His gracious provision. The tabernacle's design parallels ancient Near Eastern temple architecture, yet its portable nature and absence of divine images distinguished it from pagan temples.

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