Leviticus 22:23

Authorized King James Version

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Either a bullock or a lamb that hath any thing superfluous or lacking in his parts, that mayest thou offer for a freewill offering; but for a vow it shall not be accepted.

Original Language Analysis

וְשׁ֥וֹר Either a bullock H7794
וְשׁ֥וֹר Either a bullock
Strong's: H7794
Word #: 1 of 10
a bullock (as a traveller)
וָשֶׂ֖ה or a lamb H7716
וָשֶׂ֖ה or a lamb
Strong's: H7716
Word #: 2 of 10
a member of a flock, i.e., a sheep or goat
שָׂר֣וּעַ that hath any thing superfluous H8311
שָׂר֣וּעַ that hath any thing superfluous
Strong's: H8311
Word #: 3 of 10
to prolong, i.e., (reflex) be deformed by excess of members
וְקָל֑וּט or lacking in his parts H7038
וְקָל֑וּט or lacking in his parts
Strong's: H7038
Word #: 4 of 10
to maim
נְדָבָה֙ for a freewill offering H5071
נְדָבָה֙ for a freewill offering
Strong's: H5071
Word #: 5 of 10
properly (abstractly) spontaneity, or (adjectively) spontaneous; also (concretely) a spontaneous or (by inference, in plural) abundant gift
תַּֽעֲשֶׂ֣ה that mayest thou offer H6213
תַּֽעֲשֶׂ֣ה that mayest thou offer
Strong's: H6213
Word #: 6 of 10
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
אֹת֔וֹ H853
אֹת֔וֹ
Strong's: H853
Word #: 7 of 10
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
וּלְנֵ֖דֶר but for a vow H5088
וּלְנֵ֖דֶר but for a vow
Strong's: H5088
Word #: 8 of 10
a promise (to god); also (concretely) a thing promised
לֹ֥א H3808
לֹ֥א
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 9 of 10
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
יֵֽרָצֶֽה׃ it shall not be accepted H7521
יֵֽרָצֶֽה׃ it shall not be accepted
Strong's: H7521
Word #: 10 of 10
to be pleased with; specifically, to satisfy a debt

Analysis & Commentary

Either a bullock or a lamb that hath any thing superfluous or lacking in his parts, that mayest thou offer for a freewill offering; but for a vow it shall not be accepted.

This verse falls within the section on Acceptable Sacrifices. Requirements for acceptable sacrifices and those who may eat sacred offerings, maintaining sacrifice quality.

The five main offerings (burnt, grain, peace, sin, and guilt) addressed different aspects of relationship with God, all fulfilled in Christ's comprehensive sacrifice.
What Leviticus portrayed through types and shadows, Christ fulfilled in reality through His incarnation, perfect life, atoning death, and resurrection.

Historical Context

Requirements for acceptable sacrifices and those who may eat sacred offerings, maintaining sacrifice quality. Chapters 17-27, often called the 'Holiness Code,' expand covenant obligations beyond ritual to encompass all of life—sexuality, economics, justice, and relationships. The repeated refrain 'I am the LORD' grounds these laws in God's character and covenant relationship with Israel. Israel received these laws while encamped at Sinai, before entering Canaan. The laws prepared them for life in the promised land, distinguishing them from Canaanite practices and establishing their identity as God's holy nation. The portable tabernacle, central to Levitical worship, accompanied them through wilderness wanderings and eventually found permanent form in Solomon's temple. Ancient sacrificial texts from cultures surrounding Israel demonstrate the widespread practice of animal sacrifice, but Israel's system uniquely emphasized moral atonement over magical efficacy.

Questions for Reflection

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