Lamentations 2:5

Authorized King James Version

The Lord was as an enemy: he hath swallowed up Israel, he hath swallowed up all her palaces: he hath destroyed his strong holds, and hath increased in the daughter of Judah mourning and lamentation.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
הָיָ֨ה
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
#2
אֲדֹנָ֤י׀
The Lord
the lord (used as a proper name of god only)
#3
כְּאוֹיֵב֙
was as an enemy
hating; an adversary
#4
בִּלַּע֙
he hath swallowed up
to make away with (specifically by swallowing); generally, to destroy
#5
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל
Israel
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
#6
בִּלַּע֙
he hath swallowed up
to make away with (specifically by swallowing); generally, to destroy
#7
כָּל
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
#8
אַרְמְנוֹתֶ֔יהָ
all her palaces
a citadel (from its height)
#9
שִׁחֵ֖ת
he hath destroyed
to decay, i.e., (causatively) ruin (literally or figuratively)
#10
מִבְצָרָ֑יו
his strong holds
a fortification, castle, or fortified city; figuratively, a defender
#11
וַיֶּ֙רֶב֙
and hath increased
to increase (in whatever respect)
#12
בְּבַת
in the daughter
a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively)
#13
יְהוּדָ֔ה
of Judah
jehudah (or judah), the name of five israelites; also of the tribe descended from the first, and of its territory
#14
תַּאֲנִיָּ֖ה
mourning
lamentation
#15
וַאֲנִיָּֽה׃
and lamentation
groaning

Analysis

Within the broader context of Lamentations, this passage highlights salvation through simile or metaphorical language. The theological weight of divine sovereignty connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about divine sovereignty, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of Lamentations.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection