Lamentations 1:7

Authorized King James Version

Jerusalem remembered in the days of her affliction and of her miseries all her pleasant things that she had in the days of old, when her people fell into the hand of the enemy, and none did help her: the adversaries saw her, and did mock at her sabbaths.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
זָֽכְרָ֣ה
remembered
properly, to mark (so as to be recognized), i.e., to remember; by implication, to mention; to be male
#2
יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם
Jerusalem
jerushalaim or jerushalem, the capital city of palestine
#3
מִ֣ימֵי
in the days
a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso
#4
עָנְיָהּ֙
of her affliction
depression, i.e., misery
#5
וּמְרוּדֶ֔יהָ
and of her miseries
an outcast; (abstractly) destitution
#6
כֹּ֚ל
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
#7
מַחֲמֻדֶ֔יהָ
all her pleasant things
desired; hence, a valuable
#8
אֲשֶׁ֥ר
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
#9
הָי֖וּ
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
#10
מִ֣ימֵי
in the days
a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso
#11
קֶ֑דֶם
of old
the front, of place (absolutely, the fore part, relatively the east) or time (antiquity); often used adverbially (before, anciently, eastward)
#12
בִּנְפֹ֧ל
fell
to fall, in a great variety of applications (intransitive or causative, literal or figurative)
#13
עַמָּ֣הּ
when her people
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
#14
בְּיַד
into the hand
a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v
#15
צָרִ֔ים
her the adversaries
a pebble (as in h6864)
#16
וְאֵ֤ין
a nonentity; generally used as a negative particle
#17
עוֹזֵר֙
and none did help
to surround, i.e., protect or aid
#18
לָ֔הּ
H0
#19
רָא֣וּהָ
saw
to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
#20
צָרִ֔ים
her the adversaries
a pebble (as in h6864)
#21
שָׂחֲק֖וּ
her and did mock
to laugh (in pleasure or detraction); by implication, to play
#22
עַ֥ל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#23
מִשְׁבַּתֶּֽהָ׃
at her sabbaths
cessation, i.e., destruction

Analysis

Within the broader context of Lamentations, this passage highlights salvation through simile or metaphorical language. The theological weight of covenant community connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about covenant community, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by establishing foundational concepts crucial to Lamentations's theological argument.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of Lamentations Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes covenant community in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection