Lamentations 1:17

Authorized King James Version

Zion spreadeth forth her hands, and there is none to comfort her: the LORD hath commanded concerning Jacob, that his adversaries should be round about him: Jerusalem is as a menstruous woman among them.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
פֵּֽרְשָׂ֨ה
spreadeth forth
to break apart, disperse, etc
#2
צִיּ֜וֹן
Zion
tsijon (as a permanent capital), a mountain of jerusalem
#3
בְּיָדֶ֗יהָ
her hands
a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v
#4
אֵ֤ין
a nonentity; generally used as a negative particle
#5
מְנַחֵם֙
and there is none to comfort
properly, to sigh, i.e., breathe strongly; by implication, to be sorry, i.e., (in a favorable sense) to pity, console or (reflexively) rue; or (unfavo
#6
לָ֔הּ
H0
#7
צִוָּ֧ה
hath commanded
(intensively) to constitute, enjoin
#8
יְהוָ֛ה
her the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#9
לְיַעֲקֹ֖ב
concerning Jacob
jaakob, the israelitish patriarch
#10
סְבִיבָ֣יו
should be round about
(as noun) a circle, neighbour, or environs; but chiefly (as adverb, with or without preposition) around
#11
צָרָ֑יו
that his adversaries
a pebble (as in h6864)
#12
הָיְתָ֧ה
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
#13
יְרוּשָׁלִַ֛ם
him Jerusalem
jerushalaim or jerushalem, the capital city of palestine
#14
לְנִדָּ֖ה
is as a menstruous woman
properly, rejection; by implication, impurity, especially personal (menstruation) or moral (idolatry, incest)
#15
בֵּינֵיהֶֽם׃
between (repeated before each noun, often with other particles); also as a conjunction, either...or

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to Lamentations. The concept of divine sovereignty reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The divine name or title here functions within biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness to establish theological authority and covenantal relationship. The original language emphasizes the covenant name Yahweh, emphasizing God's faithfulness to His promises, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The historical context of the biblical period relevant to this book's composition provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The the cultural context of the biblical world would have shaped how the original audience understood divine sovereignty. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection