Judges 7:5

Authorized King James Version

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So he brought down the people unto the water: and the LORD said unto Gideon, Every one that lappeth of the water with his tongue, as a dog lappeth, him shalt thou set by himself; likewise every one that boweth down upon his knees to drink.

Original Language Analysis

וַיּ֥וֹרֶד So he brought down H3381
וַיּ֥וֹרֶד So he brought down
Strong's: H3381
Word #: 1 of 27
to descend (literally, to go downwards; or conventionally to a lower region, as the shore, a boundary, the enemy, etc.; or figuratively, to fall); cau
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 2 of 27
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
הָעָ֖ם the people H5971
הָעָ֖ם the people
Strong's: H5971
Word #: 3 of 27
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 4 of 27
near, with or among; often in general, to
הַמַּ֜יִם of the water H4325
הַמַּ֜יִם of the water
Strong's: H4325
Word #: 5 of 27
water; figuratively, juice; by euphemism, urine, semen
וַיֹּ֨אמֶר said H559
וַיֹּ֨אמֶר said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 6 of 27
to say (used with great latitude)
יְהוָ֜ה and the LORD H3068
יְהוָ֜ה and the LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 7 of 27
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 8 of 27
near, with or among; often in general, to
גִּדְע֗וֹן unto Gideon H1439
גִּדְע֗וֹן unto Gideon
Strong's: H1439
Word #: 9 of 27
gidon, an israelite
כֹּ֣ל H3605
כֹּ֣ל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 10 of 27
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
אֲשֶׁר H834
אֲשֶׁר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 11 of 27
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
יָלֹ֣ק Every one that lappeth H3952
יָלֹ֣ק Every one that lappeth
Strong's: H3952
Word #: 12 of 27
to lick or lap
בִּלְשׁוֹנ֨וֹ with his tongue H3956
בִּלְשׁוֹנ֨וֹ with his tongue
Strong's: H3956
Word #: 13 of 27
the tongue (of man or animals), used literally (as the instrument of licking, eating, or speech), and figuratively (speech, an ingot, a fork of flame,
מִן H4480
מִן
Strong's: H4480
Word #: 14 of 27
properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses
הַמַּ֜יִם of the water H4325
הַמַּ֜יִם of the water
Strong's: H4325
Word #: 15 of 27
water; figuratively, juice; by euphemism, urine, semen
כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֧ר H834
כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֧ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 16 of 27
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
יָלֹ֣ק Every one that lappeth H3952
יָלֹ֣ק Every one that lappeth
Strong's: H3952
Word #: 17 of 27
to lick or lap
הַכֶּ֗לֶב as a dog H3611
הַכֶּ֗לֶב as a dog
Strong's: H3611
Word #: 18 of 27
a dog; hence (by euphemism) a male prostitute
תַּצִּ֤יג him shalt thou set H3322
תַּצִּ֤יג him shalt thou set
Strong's: H3322
Word #: 19 of 27
to place permanently
אוֹתוֹ֙ H853
אוֹתוֹ֙
Strong's: H853
Word #: 20 of 27
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
לְבָ֔ד H905
לְבָ֔ד
Strong's: H905
Word #: 21 of 27
properly, separation; by implication, a part of the body, branch of a tree, bar for carrying; figuratively, chief of a city; especially (with preposit
וְכֹ֛ל H3605
וְכֹ֛ל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 22 of 27
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
אֲשֶׁר H834
אֲשֶׁר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 23 of 27
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
יִכְרַ֥ע by himself likewise every one that boweth down H3766
יִכְרַ֥ע by himself likewise every one that boweth down
Strong's: H3766
Word #: 24 of 27
to bend the knee; by implication, to sink, to prostrate
עַל H5921
עַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 25 of 27
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
בִּרְכָּ֖יו upon his knees H1290
בִּרְכָּ֖יו upon his knees
Strong's: H1290
Word #: 26 of 27
a knee
לִשְׁתּֽוֹת׃ to drink H8354
לִשְׁתּֽוֹת׃ to drink
Strong's: H8354
Word #: 27 of 27
to imbibe (literally or figuratively)

Analysis & Commentary

God instructs Gideon to observe how soldiers drink from the water: 'every one that lappeth of the water with his tongue, as a dog lappeth, him shalt thou set by himself; likewise every one that boweth down upon his knees to drink.' The test distinguishes drinking methods—lapping water quickly with hands to mouth while standing alert versus kneeling to drink directly from the water. The dog comparison emphasizes the first group's alertness—maintaining surveillance while refreshing themselves. This test identifies warriors combining necessary rest with continuous vigilance.

Historical Context

Armies on campaign required regular water access, especially in Palestine's heat. How soldiers drank revealed their tactical awareness and discipline. Those who knelt to drink directly placed themselves in vulnerable positions—difficult to rise quickly if attacked, obscured vision, incapable of immediate defense. Those who scooped water to their mouths while standing maintained readiness to fight instantly. Ancient military leaders valued such tactical awareness in selecting elite troops.

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