Judges 7:19

Authorized King James Version

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So Gideon, and the hundred men that were with him, came unto the outside of the camp in the beginning of the middle watch; and they had but newly set the watch: and they blew the trumpets, and brake the pitchers that were in their hands.

Original Language Analysis

וַיָּבֹ֣א that were with him came H935
וַיָּבֹ֣א that were with him came
Strong's: H935
Word #: 1 of 22
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
גִ֠דְעוֹן So Gideon H1439
גִ֠דְעוֹן So Gideon
Strong's: H1439
Word #: 2 of 22
gidon, an israelite
וּמֵאָה and the hundred H3967
וּמֵאָה and the hundred
Strong's: H3967
Word #: 3 of 22
a hundred; also as a multiplicative and a fraction
אִ֨ישׁ men H376
אִ֨ישׁ men
Strong's: H376
Word #: 4 of 22
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
אֲשֶׁר H834
אֲשֶׁר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 5 of 22
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
אִתּ֜וֹ H854
אִתּ֜וֹ
Strong's: H854
Word #: 6 of 22
properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), near; hence, generally, with, by, at, among, etc
בִּקְצֵ֣ה unto the outside H7097
בִּקְצֵ֣ה unto the outside
Strong's: H7097
Word #: 7 of 22
an extremity
הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֗ה of the camp H4264
הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֗ה of the camp
Strong's: H4264
Word #: 8 of 22
an encampment (of travellers or troops); hence, an army, whether literal (of soldiers) or figurative (of dancers, angels, cattle, locusts, stars; or e
רֹ֚אשׁ in the beginning H7218
רֹ֚אשׁ in the beginning
Strong's: H7218
Word #: 9 of 22
the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of place, time, rank, itc.)
הָֽאַשְׁמֹ֣רֶת watch H821
הָֽאַשְׁמֹ֣רֶת watch
Strong's: H821
Word #: 10 of 22
a night watch
הַתִּֽיכוֹנָ֔ה of the middle H8484
הַתִּֽיכוֹנָ֔ה of the middle
Strong's: H8484
Word #: 11 of 22
central
אַ֛ךְ and they had but H389
אַ֛ךְ and they had but
Strong's: H389
Word #: 12 of 22
a particle of affirmation, surely; hence (by limitation) only
הֵקִ֖ימוּ newly H6965
הֵקִ֖ימוּ newly
Strong's: H6965
Word #: 13 of 22
to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative)
הֵקִ֖ימוּ newly H6965
הֵקִ֖ימוּ newly
Strong's: H6965
Word #: 14 of 22
to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative)
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 15 of 22
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
הַשֹּֽׁמְרִ֑ים the watch H8104
הַשֹּֽׁמְרִ֑ים the watch
Strong's: H8104
Word #: 16 of 22
properly, to hedge about (as with thorns), i.e., guard; generally, to protect, attend to, etc
וַֽיִּתְקְעוּ֙ and they blew H8628
וַֽיִּתְקְעוּ֙ and they blew
Strong's: H8628
Word #: 17 of 22
to clatter, i.e., slap (the hands together), clang (an instrument); by analogy, to drive (a nail or tent-pin, a dart, etc.); by implication, to become
בַּשּׁ֣וֹפָר֔וֹת the trumpets H7782
בַּשּׁ֣וֹפָר֔וֹת the trumpets
Strong's: H7782
Word #: 18 of 22
a cornet (as giving a clear sound) or curved horn
וְנָפ֥וֹץ and brake H5310
וְנָפ֥וֹץ and brake
Strong's: H5310
Word #: 19 of 22
to dash to pieces, or scatter
הַכַּדִּ֖ים the pitchers H3537
הַכַּדִּ֖ים the pitchers
Strong's: H3537
Word #: 20 of 22
properly, a pail; but generally of earthenware; a jar for domestic purposes
אֲשֶׁ֥ר H834
אֲשֶׁ֥ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 21 of 22
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
בְּיָדָֽם׃ that were in their hands H3027
בְּיָדָֽם׃ that were in their hands
Strong's: H3027
Word #: 22 of 22
a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v

Analysis & Commentary

The timing was precise: 'the beginning of the middle watch' (around midnight), just after the guard change. The freshly posted sentries would be most alert but also most isolated from the sleeping main camp. Gideon's company approached the camp edge, then 'blew the trumpets, and brake the pitchers that were in their hands.' The simultaneous actions—trumpet blasts and shattering pottery revealing torches—created a shocking sensory assault. The coordination demonstrated military discipline despite the small force and unconventional tactics.

Historical Context

Ancient armies divided night into three watches (evening, midnight, morning) or four watches (Roman system). The 'beginning of the middle watch' placed the attack at midnight when most of the camp slept deeply. Guard changes were vulnerable moments—new sentries adjusting to darkness, old guards departing to rest. The element of surprise was maximized because no army expected attack at this hour, especially by inferior forces. The multiple simultaneous sensory inputs (trumpet sounds, breaking pottery, sudden lights) created cognitive overload preventing rational response.

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