Judges 3:8

Authorized King James Version

Therefore the anger of the LORD was hot against Israel, and he sold them into the hand of Chushan-rishathaim king of Mesopotamia: and the children of Israel served Chushan-rishathaim eight years.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיִּֽחַר
was hot
to glow or grow warm; figuratively (usually) to blaze up, of anger, zeal, jealousy
#2
אַ֤ף
Therefore the anger
properly, the nose or nostril; hence, the face, and occasionally a person; also (from the rapid breathing in passion) ire
#3
יְהוָה֙
of the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#4
יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל
against Israel
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
#5
וַֽיִּמְכְּרֵ֗ם
and he sold
to sell, literally (as merchandise, a daughter in marriage, into slavery), or figuratively (to surrender)
#6
בְּיַד֙
them into the hand
a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v
#7
כּוּשַׁ֣ן
H0
#8
רִשְׁעָתַ֖יִם
Chushanrishathaim
cushan-rishathajim, a mesopotamian king
#9
מֶ֖לֶךְ
king
a king
#10
אֲרַ֣ם
H0
#11
נַֽהֲרָ֑יִם
of Mesopotamia
aram of (the) two rivers (euphrates and tigris) or mesopotamia
#12
וַיַּֽעַבְד֧וּ
served
to work (in any sense); by implication, to serve, till, (causatively) enslave, etc
#13
בְנֵֽי
and the children
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
#14
יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל
against Israel
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
#15
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#16
כּוּשַׁ֥ן
H0
#17
רִשְׁעָתַ֖יִם
Chushanrishathaim
cushan-rishathajim, a mesopotamian king
#18
שְׁמֹנֶ֥ה
eight
a cardinal number, eight (as if a surplus above the 'perfect' seven); also (as ordinal) eighth
#19
שָׁנִֽים׃
years
a year (as a revolution of time)

Analysis

Within the broader context of Judges, this passage highlights salvation through simile or metaphorical language. The theological weight of divine sovereignty connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about divine sovereignty, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of Judges.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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