Judges 3:10

Authorized King James Version

And the Spirit of the LORD came upon him, and he judged Israel, and went out to war: and the LORD delivered Chushan-rishathaim king of Mesopotamia into his hand; and his hand prevailed against Chushan-rishathaim.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַתְּהִ֨י
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
#2
עָלָ֥יו
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#3
רֽוּחַ
And the Spirit
wind; by resemblance breath, i.e., a sensible (or even violent) exhalation; figuratively, life, anger, unsubstantiality; by extension, a region of the
#4
יְהוָה֙
and the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#5
וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֣ט
came upon him and he judged
to judge, i.e., pronounce sentence (for or against); by implication, to vindicate or punish; by extenssion, to govern; passively, to litigate (literal
#6
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#7
יִשְׂרָאֵל֒
Israel
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
#8
וַיֵּצֵא֙
and went out
to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim
#9
לַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה
to war
a battle (i.e., the engagement); generally, war (i.e., war-fare)
#10
וַיִּתֵּ֤ן
delivered
to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
#11
יְהוָה֙
and the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#12
יָד֔וֹ
and his hand
a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v
#13
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#14
כּוּשַׁ֥ן
H0
#15
רִשְׁעָתָֽיִם׃
Chushanrishathaim
cushan-rishathajim, a mesopotamian king
#16
מֶ֣לֶךְ
king
a king
#17
אֲרָ֑ם
of Mesopotamia
aram of (the) two rivers (euphrates and tigris) or mesopotamia
#18
וַתָּ֣עָז
prevailed
to be stout (literally or figuratively)
#19
יָד֔וֹ
and his hand
a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v
#20
עַ֖ל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#21
כּוּשַׁ֥ן
H0
#22
רִשְׁעָתָֽיִם׃
Chushanrishathaim
cushan-rishathajim, a mesopotamian king

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The historical context of the biblical period relevant to this book's composition provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The the cultural context of the biblical world would have shaped how the original audience understood divine sovereignty. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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