Judges 14:18

Authorized King James Version

And the men of the city said unto him on the seventh day before the sun went down, What is sweeter than honey? and what is stronger than a lion? And he said unto them, If ye had not plowed with my heifer, ye had not found out my riddle.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר
And he said
to say (used with great latitude)
#2
לוֹ֩
H0
#3
אַנְשֵׁ֨י
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
#4
הָעִ֜יר
of the city
a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
#5
בַּיּ֣וֹם
day
a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso
#6
הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י
unto him on the seventh
seventh
#7
בְּטֶ֙רֶם֙
properly, non-occurrence; used adverbially, not yet or before
#8
יָבֹ֣א
went down
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
#9
הַחַ֔רְסָה
before the sun
the itch
#10
מַה
properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and
#11
מָּת֣וֹק
What is sweeter
sweet
#12
מִדְּבַ֔שׁ
than honey
honey (from its stickiness); by analogy, syrup
#13
וּמֶ֥ה
properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and
#14
עַ֖ז
and what is stronger
strong, vehement, harsh
#15
מֵֽאֲרִ֑י
than a lion
a lion
#16
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר
And he said
to say (used with great latitude)
#17
לָהֶ֔ם
H0
#18
לוּלֵא֙
unto them If
if not
#19
חֲרַשְׁתֶּ֣ם
ye had not plowed
to scratch, i.e., (by implication) to engrave, plough; hence (from the use of tools) to fabricate (of any material); figuratively, to devise (in a bad
#20
בְּעֶגְלָתִ֔י
with my heifer
a (female) calf, especially one nearly grown (i.e., a heifer)
#21
לֹ֥א
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#22
מְצָאתֶ֖ם
ye had not found out
properly, to come forth to, i.e., appear or exist; transitively, to attain, i.e., find or acquire; figuratively, to occur, meet or be present
#23
חִֽידָתִֽי׃
my riddle
a puzzle, hence, a trick, conundrum, sententious maxim

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to Judges. The concept of divine revelation reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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