Judges 1:3

Authorized King James Version

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And Judah said unto Simeon his brother, Come up with me into my lot, that we may fight against the Canaanites; and I likewise will go with thee into thy lot. So Simeon went with him.

Original Language Analysis

וַיֹּ֣אמֶר said H559
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 1 of 17
to say (used with great latitude)
יְהוּדָה֩ And Judah H3063
יְהוּדָה֩ And Judah
Strong's: H3063
Word #: 2 of 17
jehudah (or judah), the name of five israelites; also of the tribe descended from the first, and of its territory
שִׁמְעֽוֹן׃ So Simeon H8095
שִׁמְעֽוֹן׃ So Simeon
Strong's: H8095
Word #: 3 of 17
shimon, one of jacob's sons, also the tribe descended from him
אָחִ֜יו his brother H251
אָחִ֜יו his brother
Strong's: H251
Word #: 4 of 17
a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance [like h0001])
עֲלֵ֧ה Come up H5927
עֲלֵ֧ה Come up
Strong's: H5927
Word #: 5 of 17
to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative
אִתִּ֣י H854
אִתִּ֣י
Strong's: H854
Word #: 6 of 17
properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), near; hence, generally, with, by, at, among, etc
בְּגֽוֹרָלֶ֑ךָ with me into my lot H1486
בְּגֽוֹרָלֶ֑ךָ with me into my lot
Strong's: H1486
Word #: 7 of 17
properly, a pebble, i.e., a lot (small stones being used for that purpose); figuratively, a portion or destiny (as if determined by lot)
וְנִֽלָּחֲמָה֙ that we may fight H3898
וְנִֽלָּחֲמָה֙ that we may fight
Strong's: H3898
Word #: 8 of 17
to feed on; figuratively, to consume
בַּֽכְּנַעֲנִ֔י against the Canaanites H3669
בַּֽכְּנַעֲנִ֔י against the Canaanites
Strong's: H3669
Word #: 9 of 17
a kenaanite or inhabitant of kenaan; by implication, a pedlar (the canaanites standing for their neighbors the ishmaelites, who conducted mercantile c
וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ and I likewise will go H1980
וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ and I likewise will go
Strong's: H1980
Word #: 10 of 17
to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
גַם H1571
גַם
Strong's: H1571
Word #: 11 of 17
properly, assemblage; used only adverbially also, even, yea, though; often repeated as correl. both...and
אֲנִ֛י H589
אֲנִ֛י
Strong's: H589
Word #: 12 of 17
i
אִתְּךָ֖ H854
אִתְּךָ֖
Strong's: H854
Word #: 13 of 17
properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), near; hence, generally, with, by, at, among, etc
בְּגֽוֹרָלֶ֑ךָ with me into my lot H1486
בְּגֽוֹרָלֶ֑ךָ with me into my lot
Strong's: H1486
Word #: 14 of 17
properly, a pebble, i.e., a lot (small stones being used for that purpose); figuratively, a portion or destiny (as if determined by lot)
וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ and I likewise will go H1980
וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ and I likewise will go
Strong's: H1980
Word #: 15 of 17
to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
אִתּ֖וֹ H854
אִתּ֖וֹ
Strong's: H854
Word #: 16 of 17
properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), near; hence, generally, with, by, at, among, etc
שִׁמְעֽוֹן׃ So Simeon H8095
שִׁמְעֽוֹן׃ So Simeon
Strong's: H8095
Word #: 17 of 17
shimon, one of jacob's sons, also the tribe descended from him

Analysis & Commentary

And Judah said unto Simeon his brother, Come up with me into my lot, that we may fight against the Canaanites; and I likewise will go with thee into thy lot. So Simeon went with him.

This verse demonstrates tribal cooperation rooted in kinship—Judah and Simeon were full brothers, both sons of Jacob and Leah (Genesis 29:33-35). The Hebrew achi (אָחִי, "my brother") emphasizes covenant and blood relationship, not mere political alliance. Judah's invitation "come up with me into my lot" (aleh itti beghorali, עֲלֵה אִתִּי בְגוֹרָלִי) uses ghoral (גּוֹרָל), meaning "lot" or "allotment"—the divinely assigned inheritance (Joshua 15:1, 19:1). This wasn't arbitrary territory but God-ordained possession requiring faith-filled obedience to claim.

The reciprocal promise "I likewise will go with thee into thy lot" reflects covenant faithfulness and mutual support. Interestingly, Simeon's tribal allotment was actually embedded within Judah's territory (Joshua 19:1, 9) because "the part of the children of Judah was too much for them." This geographical reality made military cooperation natural and necessary. The phrase "So Simeon went with him" demonstrates immediate obedience without recorded hesitation or negotiation—a model of brotherly unity in pursuing God's purposes.

From a Reformed perspective, this tribal cooperation foreshadows the New Testament church where believers are called to "bear ye one another's burdens, and so fulfil the law of Christ" (Galatians 6:2). The body of Christ requires mutual support, with stronger members helping weaker ones (Romans 15:1, 1 Corinthians 12:12-27). However, the partnership must be for God's purposes—pursuing divinely assigned missions, not merely human agendas. Judah and Simeon's alliance succeeded because it aligned with God's command to possess the land He had given them.

Historical Context

The historical relationship between Judah and Simeon was complex. Simeon's allotment within Judah's borders (Joshua 19:1-9) made them interdependent. Jacob's prophecy that Simeon and Levi would be "divided in Jacob, and scattered in Israel" (Genesis 49:7) found fulfillment as Simeon gradually absorbed into Judah, eventually losing distinct tribal identity. By David's census (2 Samuel 24), Simeon isn't separately enumerated. Archaeological evidence from the northern Negev (Simeon's primary territory) shows settlement patterns consistent with gradual integration into Judah. This tribal cooperation in Judges 1:3 thus represents both immediate military necessity and long-term assimilation. The cities listed in Joshua 19:2-6 as Simeonite—Beersheba, Ziklag, Hormah—later appear as Judahite cities in subsequent narratives.

Questions for Reflection

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