Joshua 9:6

Authorized King James Version

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And they went to Joshua unto the camp at Gilgal, and said unto him, and to the men of Israel, We be come from a far country: now therefore make ye a league with us.

Original Language Analysis

וַיֵּֽלְכ֧וּ H1980
וַיֵּֽלְכ֧וּ
Strong's: H1980
Word #: 1 of 18
to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 2 of 18
near, with or among; often in general, to
יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ to Joshua H3091
יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ to Joshua
Strong's: H3091
Word #: 3 of 18
jehoshua (i.e., joshua), the jewish leader
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 4 of 18
near, with or among; often in general, to
הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֖ה unto the camp H4264
הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֖ה unto the camp
Strong's: H4264
Word #: 5 of 18
an encampment (of travellers or troops); hence, an army, whether literal (of soldiers) or figurative (of dancers, angels, cattle, locusts, stars; or e
הַגִּלְגָּ֑ל at Gilgal H1537
הַגִּלְגָּ֑ל at Gilgal
Strong's: H1537
Word #: 6 of 18
gilgal, the name of three places in palestine
וַיֹּֽאמְר֨וּ and said H559
וַיֹּֽאמְר֨וּ and said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 7 of 18
to say (used with great latitude)
אֵלָ֜יו H413
אֵלָ֜יו
Strong's: H413
Word #: 8 of 18
near, with or among; often in general, to
וְאֶל H413
וְאֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 9 of 18
near, with or among; often in general, to
אִ֣ישׁ unto him and to the men H376
אִ֣ישׁ unto him and to the men
Strong's: H376
Word #: 10 of 18
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל of Israel H3478
יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל of Israel
Strong's: H3478
Word #: 11 of 18
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
מֵאֶ֤רֶץ country H776
מֵאֶ֤רֶץ country
Strong's: H776
Word #: 12 of 18
the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
רְחוֹקָה֙ from a far H7350
רְחוֹקָה֙ from a far
Strong's: H7350
Word #: 13 of 18
remote, literally or figuratively, of place or time; specifically, precious; often used adverbially (with preposition)
בָּ֔אנוּ We be come H935
בָּ֔אנוּ We be come
Strong's: H935
Word #: 14 of 18
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
וְעַתָּ֖ה H6258
וְעַתָּ֖ה
Strong's: H6258
Word #: 15 of 18
at this time, whether adverb, conjunction or expletive
כִּרְתוּ now therefore make H3772
כִּרְתוּ now therefore make
Strong's: H3772
Word #: 16 of 18
to cut (off, down or asunder); by implication, to destroy or consume; specifically, to covenant (i.e., make an alliance or bargain, originally by cutt
לָ֥נוּ H0
לָ֥נוּ
Strong's: H0
Word #: 17 of 18
בְרִֽית׃ ye a league H1285
בְרִֽית׃ ye a league
Strong's: H1285
Word #: 18 of 18
a compact (because made by passing between pieces of flesh)

Analysis & Commentary

The Gibeonites approach Israel's camp at Gilgal and petition Joshua: 'We be come from a far country: now therefore make ye a league with us.' Their opening claim—distance of origin—is the crucial lie on which the entire deception depends. The Hebrew מֵאֶרֶץ רְחוֹקָה (me'eretz rechoqah—from a far land) repeats the distance emphasis. The request for a league (בְּרִית, berit—covenant, treaty) invokes formal treaty-making conventions. Ancient Near Eastern treaties involved solemn oaths binding both parties. By requesting a covenant, Gibeonites sought permanent protection under oath Israel couldn't break without violating covenant sanctity. Their approach shows sophisticated understanding of Israelite theology—they knew Israel took oaths seriously (as later verses prove when Israel honors the oath despite discovering the deception). The petition's simplicity masks calculated manipulation. They don't plead for mercy or cite specific threats; they simply state distant origin and request treaty—implying that distance makes them non-threatening, eligible for peaceful relations.

Historical Context

Gilgal served as Israel's base camp after crossing Jordan (Joshua 4:19), making it the appropriate location for diplomatic contact. Ancient treaty-making between nations typically occurred at one party's capital or camp, with ambassadors traveling to petition for agreements. The request for a 'league' (covenant) invoked the most solemn form of international relationship. Such covenants involved oaths before deities, making violation highly serious. The Gibeonites' strategy exploited Israel's own legal framework: Deuteronomy 20:10-15 permitted peace treaties with distant cities while commanding near Canaanite cities' destruction. By claiming distance, Gibeonites sought to qualify for the lenient category. Their confidence in approaching Israel's camp shows either courage or desperation—or both. Canaanite cities knew Israel's track record (Jericho, Ai); approaching voluntarily risked immediate hostility. Yet Gibeon gambled that their disguise and proposal would work. The success of their gambit teaches that bold deception sometimes succeeds where honest confrontation would fail.

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