Joshua 9:21

Authorized King James Version

And the princes said unto them, Let them live; but let them be hewers of wood and drawers of water unto all the congregation; as the princes had promised them.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיֹּֽאמְר֧וּ
said
to say (used with great latitude)
#2
אֲלֵיהֶ֛ם
near, with or among; often in general, to
#3
הַנְּשִׂיאִֽים׃
And the princes
properly, an exalted one, i.e., a king or sheik; also a rising mist
#4
יִֽחְי֑וּ
unto them Let them live
to live, whether literally or figuratively; causatively, to revive
#5
וַ֠יִּֽהְיוּ
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
#6
חֹֽטְבֵ֨י
but let them be hewers
to chop or carve wood
#7
עֵצִ֤ים
of wood
a tree (from its firmness); hence, wood (plural sticks)
#8
וְשֹֽׁאֲבֵי
and drawers
to bale up water
#9
מַ֙יִם֙
of water
water; figuratively, juice; by euphemism, urine, semen
#10
לְכָל
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
#11
הָ֣עֵדָ֔ה
unto all the congregation
a stated assemblage (specifically, a concourse, or generally, a family or crowd)
#12
כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֛ר
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
#13
דִּבְּר֥וּ
had promised
perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue
#14
לָהֶ֖ם
H0
#15
הַנְּשִׂיאִֽים׃
And the princes
properly, an exalted one, i.e., a king or sheik; also a rising mist

Analysis

This verse develops the covenant theme central to Joshua. The concept of divine revelation reflects the development of covenant within biblical theology. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on covenant particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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