Joshua 8:19

Authorized King James Version

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And the ambush arose quickly out of their place, and they ran as soon as he had stretched out his hand: and they entered into the city, and took it, and hasted and set the city on fire.

Original Language Analysis

וְהָֽאוֹרֵ֡ב And the ambush H693
וְהָֽאוֹרֵ֡ב And the ambush
Strong's: H693
Word #: 1 of 15
to lurk
קָם֩ arose H6965
קָם֩ arose
Strong's: H6965
Word #: 2 of 15
to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative)
מְהֵרָ֨ה quickly H4120
מְהֵרָ֨ה quickly
Strong's: H4120
Word #: 3 of 15
properly, a hurry; hence (adverbially) promptly
מִמְּקוֹמ֤וֹ out of their place H4725
מִמְּקוֹמ֤וֹ out of their place
Strong's: H4725
Word #: 4 of 15
properly, a standing, i.e., a spot; but used widely of a locality (general or specific); also (figuratively) of a condition (of body or mind)
וַיָּר֙וּצוּ֙ and they ran H7323
וַיָּר֙וּצוּ֙ and they ran
Strong's: H7323
Word #: 5 of 15
to run (for whatever reason, especially to rush)
כִּנְט֣וֹת as soon as he had stretched out H5186
כִּנְט֣וֹת as soon as he had stretched out
Strong's: H5186
Word #: 6 of 15
to stretch or spread out; by implication, to bend away (including moral deflection); used in a great variety of application (as follows)
יָד֔וֹ his hand H3027
יָד֔וֹ his hand
Strong's: H3027
Word #: 7 of 15
a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v
וַיָּבֹ֥אוּ and they entered H935
וַיָּבֹ֥אוּ and they entered
Strong's: H935
Word #: 8 of 15
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
הָעִ֖יר into the city H5892
הָעִ֖יר into the city
Strong's: H5892
Word #: 9 of 15
a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
וַֽיִּלְכְּד֑וּהָ and took H3920
וַֽיִּלְכְּד֑וּהָ and took
Strong's: H3920
Word #: 10 of 15
to catch (in a net, trap or pit); generally, to capture or occupy; also to choose (by lot); figuratively, to cohere
וַֽיְמַהֲר֔וּ it and hasted H4116
וַֽיְמַהֲר֔וּ it and hasted
Strong's: H4116
Word #: 11 of 15
properly, to be liquid or flow easily, i.e., (by implication)
וַיַּצִּ֥יתוּ and set H3341
וַיַּצִּ֥יתוּ and set
Strong's: H3341
Word #: 12 of 15
to burn or set on fire; figuratively, to desolate
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 13 of 15
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
הָעִ֖יר into the city H5892
הָעִ֖יר into the city
Strong's: H5892
Word #: 14 of 15
a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
בָּאֵֽשׁ׃ on fire H784
בָּאֵֽשׁ׃ on fire
Strong's: H784
Word #: 15 of 15
fire (literally or figuratively)

Analysis & Commentary

The ambush strikes: 'And the ambush arose quickly out of their place, and they ran as soon as he stretched out his hand: and they entered into the city, and took it, and hasted and set the city on fire.' The coordinated timing—Joshua's hand signal, immediate ambush response, rapid city capture—shows disciplined execution. The verb 'ran' (ruts, רוּץ) indicates speed and urgency. They don't delay but immediately exploit Ai's vulnerability. Setting the city on fire created visible signal to Joshua's forces that capture succeeded, triggering the planned counter-attack. The comprehensive success—entering, taking, burning—happened rapidly before Ai's pursuing forces could return. This demonstrates that God's strategies, when properly executed with faith and discipline, produce decisive victories. The passage illustrates that spiritual warfare success requires coordination, timing, and decisive action when God's moment arrives.

Historical Context

The hand signal mentioned (verse 18—Joshua's spear/javelin stretched toward Ai) provided visual communication across distances before modern technology. Ancient warfare relied on flags, fires, trumpet blasts, and physical gestures for battlefield coordination. The ambush force's immediate response to the signal shows they maintained vigilant watch despite hours of waiting. Their rapid movement ('ran') suggests they positioned close enough to reach the city quickly once Ai's defenders left. Setting the city on fire served dual purposes: destroying the city as God commanded and signaling Joshua's main force. Smoke rising from Ai would be visible for miles, immediately communicating success. The speed of execution prevented Ai's forces from returning to defend their city. Ancient siege warfare typically favored defenders; Ai's abandonment of defensive positions through overconfident pursuit was fatal error. The victory demonstrates that faith, strategy, discipline, and timing combine in God's battles.

Questions for Reflection

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