Joshua 8:13

Authorized King James Version

PDF

And when they had set the people, even all the host that was on the north of the city, and their liers in wait on the west of the city, Joshua went that night into the midst of the valley.

Original Language Analysis

וַיָּשִׂ֨ימוּ And when they had set H7760
וַיָּשִׂ֨ימוּ And when they had set
Strong's: H7760
Word #: 1 of 18
to put (used in a great variety of applications, literal, figurative, inferentially, and elliptically)
הָעָ֜ם the people H5971
הָעָ֜ם the people
Strong's: H5971
Word #: 2 of 18
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 3 of 18
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
כָּל H3605
כָּל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 4 of 18
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֗ה even all the host H4264
הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֗ה even all the host
Strong's: H4264
Word #: 5 of 18
an encampment (of travellers or troops); hence, an army, whether literal (of soldiers) or figurative (of dancers, angels, cattle, locusts, stars; or e
אֲשֶׁר֙ H834
אֲשֶׁר֙
Strong's: H834
Word #: 6 of 18
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
מִצְּפ֣וֹן that was on the north H6828
מִצְּפ֣וֹן that was on the north
Strong's: H6828
Word #: 7 of 18
properly, hidden, i.e., dark; used only of the north as a quarter (gloomy and unknown)
לָעִ֑יר of the city H5892
לָעִ֑יר of the city
Strong's: H5892
Word #: 8 of 18
a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
וְאֶת H853
וְאֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 9 of 18
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
עֲקֵב֖וֹ and their liers in wait H6119
עֲקֵב֖וֹ and their liers in wait
Strong's: H6119
Word #: 10 of 18
a heel (as protuberant); hence, a track; figuratively, the rear (of an army)
מִיָּ֣ם on the west H3220
מִיָּ֣ם on the west
Strong's: H3220
Word #: 11 of 18
a sea (as breaking in noisy surf) or large body of water; specifically (with the article), the mediterranean sea; sometimes a large river, or an artif
לָעִ֑יר of the city H5892
לָעִ֑יר of the city
Strong's: H5892
Word #: 12 of 18
a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
וַיֵּ֧לֶךְ H1980
וַיֵּ֧לֶךְ
Strong's: H1980
Word #: 13 of 18
to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ Joshua H3091
יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ Joshua
Strong's: H3091
Word #: 14 of 18
jehoshua (i.e., joshua), the jewish leader
בַּלַּ֥יְלָה that night H3915
בַּלַּ֥יְלָה that night
Strong's: H3915
Word #: 15 of 18
properly, a twist (away of the light), i.e., night; figuratively, adversity
הַה֖וּא H1931
הַה֖וּא
Strong's: H1931
Word #: 16 of 18
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo
בְּת֥וֹךְ into the midst H8432
בְּת֥וֹךְ into the midst
Strong's: H8432
Word #: 17 of 18
a bisection, i.e., (by implication) the center
הָעֵֽמֶק׃ of the valley H6010
הָעֵֽמֶק׃ of the valley
Strong's: H6010
Word #: 18 of 18
a vale (i.e., broad depression)

Analysis & Commentary

Strategic positioning complete: 'when they had set the people, even all the host that was on the north of the city, and their liers in wait on the west of the city, Joshua went that night into the midst of the valley.' The comprehensive deployment—main force north, ambush west—creates tactical encirclement. Joshua's personal movement 'into the midst of the valley' demonstrates leadership courage, positioning himself forward for command and visibility. The phrase 'that night' indicates ongoing nighttime operations, maintaining element of surprise. The valley provided tactical advantage: clear sight lines for Joshua to observe both his forces and Ai's response. This positioning allowed coordinated signaling between forces. The passage illustrates that strategic success requires both proper positioning and personal leadership. Joshua doesn't direct from safety but places himself where he can effectively command and inspire troops. This models servant leadership: sharing risks while maintaining strategic oversight.

Historical Context

Ancient warfare required commanders to position for both safety and visibility. Joshua's valley position balanced these—close enough to observe and signal but not in immediate combat. Night movements were risky but provided concealment for final positioning. The comprehensive deployment showed sophisticated tactical coordination—multiple forces positioned for coordinated attack without modern communications. Ancient Near Eastern commanders used visual signals (fires, flags, trumpets) for battlefield coordination. Joshua's forward position enabled such signaling. The successful execution of this complex operation demonstrates Israel's military development under Joshua's leadership. They'd progressed from the undisciplined earlier attempt on Ai to coordinated multi-unit operations. This growth reflects both human development (learning from failure) and divine guidance (God's strategic direction). The passage teaches that spiritual maturity develops through failure, instruction, and renewed obedience under God's direction.

Questions for Reflection

Related Resources

Explore related topics, people, and study resources to deepen your understanding of this passage.

Study Resources