Joshua 4:8

Authorized King James Version

And the children of Israel did so as Joshua commanded, and took up twelve stones out of the midst of Jordan, as the LORD spake unto Joshua, according to the number of the tribes of the children of Israel, and carried them over with them unto the place where they lodged, and laid them down there.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיַּֽעֲשׂוּ
did
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
#2
כֵ֣ן
properly, set upright; hence (figuratively as adjective) just; but usually (as adverb or conjunction) rightly or so (in various applications to manner
#3
בְנֵֽי
And the children
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
#4
יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל
of Israel
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
#5
כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֣ר
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
#6
צִוָּ֣ה
commanded
(intensively) to constitute, enjoin
#7
יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ
so as Joshua
jehoshua (i.e., joshua), the jewish leader
#8
וַיִּשְׂא֡וּ
and took up
to lift, in a great variety of applications, literal and figurative, absolute and relative
#9
שְׁתֵּֽי
twelve
two; also (as ordinal) twofold
#10
עֶשְׂרֵ֨ה
ten (only in combination), i.e., -teen; also (ordinal) -teenth
#11
אֲבָנִ֜ים
H68
stones
a stone
#12
מִתּ֣וֹךְ
out of the midst
a bisection, i.e., (by implication) the center
#13
הַיַּרְדֵּ֗ן
of Jordan
jarden, the principal river of palestine
#14
כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֨ר
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
#15
דִּבֶּ֤ר
spake
perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue
#16
יְהוָה֙
as the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#17
אֶל
near, with or among; often in general, to
#18
יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ
so as Joshua
jehoshua (i.e., joshua), the jewish leader
#19
לְמִסְפַּ֖ר
according to the number
a number, definite (arithmetical) or indefinite (large, innumerable; small, a few); also (abstractly) narration
#20
שִׁבְטֵ֣י
of the tribes
a scion, i.e., (literally) a stick (for punishing, writing, fighting, ruling, walking, etc.) or (figuratively) a clan
#21
בְנֵֽי
And the children
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
#22
יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל
of Israel
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
#23
וַיַּֽעֲבִר֤וּם
and carried them over
to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive, intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in
#24
עִמָּם֙
adverb or preposition, with (i.e., in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then
#25
אֶל
near, with or among; often in general, to
#26
הַמָּל֔וֹן
with them unto the place where they lodged
a lodgment, i.e., caravanserai or encampment
#27
וַיַּנִּח֖וּם
and laid them down
to deposit; by implication, to allow to stay
#28
שָֽׁם׃
there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or thence

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to Joshua. The concept of divine sovereignty reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The divine name or title here functions within biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness to establish theological authority and covenantal relationship. The original language emphasizes the covenant name Yahweh, emphasizing God's faithfulness to His promises, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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