Joshua 4:18

Authorized King James Version

And it came to pass, when the priests that bare the ark of the covenant of the LORD were come up out of the midst of Jordan, and the soles of the priests' feet were lifted up unto the dry land, that the waters of Jordan returned unto their place, and flowed over all his banks, as they did before.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַ֠יְהִי
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
#2
כַּֽעֲל֨וֹת
were come up
to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative
#3
הַכֹּֽהֲנִ֔ים
And it came to pass when the priests
literally one officiating, a priest; also (by courtesy) an acting priest (although a layman)
#4
נֹֽשְׂאֵ֨י
that bare
to lift, in a great variety of applications, literal and figurative, absolute and relative
#5
אֲר֤וֹן
the ark
a box
#6
בְּרִית
of the covenant
a compact (because made by passing between pieces of flesh)
#7
יְהוָה֙
of the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#8
מִתּ֣וֹךְ
out of the midst
a bisection, i.e., (by implication) the center
#9
הַיַּרְדֵּן֙
of Jordan
jarden, the principal river of palestine
#10
נִתְּק֗וּ
were lifted up
to tear off
#11
כַּפּוֹת֙
and the soles
the hollow hand or palm (so of the paw of an animal, of the sole, and even of the bowl of a dish or sling, the handle of a bolt, the leaves of a palm-
#12
רַגְלֵ֣י
feet
a foot (as used in walking); by implication, a step; by euphemistically the pudenda
#13
הַכֹּֽהֲנִ֔ים
And it came to pass when the priests
literally one officiating, a priest; also (by courtesy) an acting priest (although a layman)
#14
אֶ֖ל
near, with or among; often in general, to
#15
הֶחָֽרָבָ֑ה
unto the dry land
a desert
#16
וַיָּשֻׁ֤בוּ
returned
to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);
#17
מֵֽי
that the waters
water; figuratively, juice; by euphemism, urine, semen
#18
הַיַּרְדֵּן֙
of Jordan
jarden, the principal river of palestine
#19
לִמְקוֹמָ֔ם
unto their place
properly, a standing, i.e., a spot; but used widely of a locality (general or specific); also (figuratively) of a condition (of body or mind)
#20
וַיֵּֽלְכ֥וּ
to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
#21
כִתְמוֹל
as
properly, ago, i.e., a (short or long) time since; especially yesterday, or day before yesterday
#22
שִׁלְשׁ֖וֹם
they did before
trebly, i.e., (in time) day before yesterday
#23
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#24
כָּל
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
#25
גְּדוֹתָֽיו׃
over all his banks
a border of a river (as cut into by the stream)

Analysis

The covenant theme here intersects with God's relationship with His people from Abraham through the new covenant. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of evolution from creation covenant through Abrahamic, Mosaic, Davidic, to new covenant. The phrase emphasizing covenant contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's relational commitment from Noah to the new covenant.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of covenant within the theological tradition of Joshua Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes covenant in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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