Joshua 21:26

Authorized King James Version

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All the cities were ten with their suburbs for the families of the children of Kohath that remained.

Original Language Analysis

כָּל H3605
כָּל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 1 of 8
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
עָרִ֥ים All the cities H5892
עָרִ֥ים All the cities
Strong's: H5892
Word #: 2 of 8
a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
עֶ֖שֶׂר were ten H6235
עֶ֖שֶׂר were ten
Strong's: H6235
Word #: 3 of 8
ten (as an accumulation to the extent of the digits)
וּמִגְרְשֵׁיהֶ֑ן with their suburbs H4054
וּמִגְרְשֵׁיהֶ֑ן with their suburbs
Strong's: H4054
Word #: 4 of 8
a suburb (i.e., open country whither flocks are driven from pasture); hence, the area around a building, or the margin of the sea
לְמִשְׁפְּח֥וֹת for the families H4940
לְמִשְׁפְּח֥וֹת for the families
Strong's: H4940
Word #: 5 of 8
a family, i.e., circle of relatives; figuratively, a class (of persons), a species (of animals) or sort (of things); by extension a tribe or people
בְּנֵֽי of the children H1121
בְּנֵֽי of the children
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 6 of 8
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
קְהָ֖ת of Kohath H6955
קְהָ֖ת of Kohath
Strong's: H6955
Word #: 7 of 8
kehath, an israelite
הַנּֽוֹתָרִֽים׃ that remained H3498
הַנּֽוֹתָרִֽים׃ that remained
Strong's: H3498
Word #: 8 of 8
to jut over or exceed; by implication, to excel; (intransitively) to remain or be left; causatively to leave, cause to abound, preserve

Analysis & Commentary

All the cities were ten with their suburbs for the families of the children of Kohath that remained.

This summary verse totals the allocation for non-priestly Kohathites (descendants of Kohath who weren't Aaron's line). The phrase "that remained" (hannotarim, הַנּוֹתָרִים) distinguishes them from Aaron's descendants who received thirteen cities (verses 4, 19). The Hebrew root yatar (יָתַר) means to be left over or remain—these were the Kohathites who remained after the priestly line was separated out for special service.

The careful differentiation between priestly and non-priestly Kohathites illustrates biblical principles of order and distinction within unity. All Kohathites were Levites, sharing tribal identity and covenant responsibilities. Yet within that unity, God established functional distinctions—priests offering sacrifices, other Kohathites performing supporting roles. Paul's teaching on spiritual gifts (1 Corinthians 12:12-27) reflects this same principle: one body, many members with different functions, all necessary.

The total of ten cities for these Kohathite families demonstrates proportional provision. Their allocation came from Ephraim, Dan, and half-Manasseh (verses 5, 20-25)—Joseph's descendants, fulfilling Jacob's blessing that Joseph would be fruitful (Genesis 49:22-26). The Levites' inheritance came not from undifferentiated land distribution but from specific tribal allocations, creating economic interdependence that fostered national unity.

Historical Context

The Kohathites held special responsibility for transporting the tabernacle's most holy objects during wilderness wanderings (Numbers 4:4-15). Even within Kohath's family, Aaron's sons handled the most sacred items while other Kohathites carried them once properly covered. This careful ordering prevented presumptuous approach to holy things—a lesson Israel learned tragically when Uzzah touched the ark (2 Samuel 6:6-7).

The ten-city allocation provided sustainable economic base for Kohathite families while maintaining their dependence on tribal tithes and offerings. Unlike landholding tribes who could achieve self-sufficiency through agriculture, Levites remained economically dependent on Israel's covenant faithfulness—when Israel obeyed and brought tithes, Levites prospered; when Israel apostatized, Levites suffered (Nehemiah 13:10-13; Malachi 3:8-10). This arrangement made Levites living witnesses to covenant blessing and cursing.

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