Joshua 18:5

Authorized King James Version

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And they shall divide it into seven parts: Judah shall abide in their coast on the south, and the house of Joseph shall abide in their coasts on the north.

Original Language Analysis

וְהִֽתְחַלְּק֥וּ And they shall divide H2505
וְהִֽתְחַלְּק֥וּ And they shall divide
Strong's: H2505
Word #: 1 of 15
to be smooth (figuratively)
אֹתָ֖הּ H853
אֹתָ֖הּ
Strong's: H853
Word #: 2 of 15
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
לְשִׁבְעָ֣ה it into seven H7651
לְשִׁבְעָ֣ה it into seven
Strong's: H7651
Word #: 3 of 15
seven (as the sacred full one); also (adverbially) seven times; by implication, a week; by extension, an indefinite number
חֲלָקִ֑ים parts H2506
חֲלָקִ֑ים parts
Strong's: H2506
Word #: 4 of 15
properly, smoothness (of the tongue)
יְהוּדָ֞ה Judah H3063
יְהוּדָ֞ה Judah
Strong's: H3063
Word #: 5 of 15
jehudah (or judah), the name of five israelites; also of the tribe descended from the first, and of its territory
יַֽעַמְד֥וּ shall abide H5975
יַֽעַמְד֥וּ shall abide
Strong's: H5975
Word #: 6 of 15
to stand, in various relations (literal and figurative, intransitive and transitive)
עַל H5921
עַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 7 of 15
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
גְּבוּלָ֖ם in their coast H1366
גְּבוּלָ֖ם in their coast
Strong's: H1366
Word #: 8 of 15
properly, a cord (as twisted), i.e., (by implication) a boundary; by extension the territory inclosed
מִנֶּ֔גֶב on the south H5045
מִנֶּ֔גֶב on the south
Strong's: H5045
Word #: 9 of 15
the south (from its drought); specifically, the negeb or southern district of judah, occasionally, egypt (as south to palestine)
וּבֵ֥ית and the house H1004
וּבֵ֥ית and the house
Strong's: H1004
Word #: 10 of 15
a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
יוֹסֵ֛ף of Joseph H3130
יוֹסֵ֛ף of Joseph
Strong's: H3130
Word #: 11 of 15
joseph, the name of seven israelites
יַֽעַמְד֥וּ shall abide H5975
יַֽעַמְד֥וּ shall abide
Strong's: H5975
Word #: 12 of 15
to stand, in various relations (literal and figurative, intransitive and transitive)
עַל H5921
עַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 13 of 15
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
גְּבוּלָ֖ם in their coast H1366
גְּבוּלָ֖ם in their coast
Strong's: H1366
Word #: 14 of 15
properly, a cord (as twisted), i.e., (by implication) a boundary; by extension the territory inclosed
מִצָּפֽוֹן׃ on the north H6828
מִצָּפֽוֹן׃ on the north
Strong's: H6828
Word #: 15 of 15
properly, hidden, i.e., dark; used only of the north as a quarter (gloomy and unknown)

Analysis & Commentary

They shall divide it into seven parts—The remaining land is apportioned equally among seven tribes. Judah keeps their southern territory, Joseph (Ephraim/Manasseh) the central highlands. This division reflects covenant fairness: each tribe receives proportionate inheritance. The Hebrew chalaq (חָלַק, 'to divide') suggests both separation and distribution.

Geographic specificity matters in Scripture. God cares about details—boundaries, measurements, documented allocations. This prefigures the New Covenant where believers receive 'an inheritance incorruptible' (1 Peter 1:4), also carefully measured by divine sovereignty.

Historical Context

The seven parts represented western Palestine's remaining unconquered territory. Archaeological surveys confirm these regions had mixed Canaanite populations requiring ongoing conquest. Judah's south and Joseph's central position were already established.

Questions for Reflection

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