Joshua 18:13

Authorized King James Version

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And the border went over from thence toward Luz, to the side of Luz, which is Beth-el, southward; and the border descended to Ataroth-adar, near the hill that lieth on the south side of the nether Beth-horon.

Original Language Analysis

וְעָבַר֩ went over H5674
וְעָבַר֩ went over
Strong's: H5674
Word #: 1 of 22
to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive, intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in
מִשָּׁ֨ם H8033
מִשָּׁ֨ם
Strong's: H8033
Word #: 2 of 22
there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or thence
הַגְּבוּל֙ And the border H1366
הַגְּבוּל֙ And the border
Strong's: H1366
Word #: 3 of 22
properly, a cord (as twisted), i.e., (by implication) a boundary; by extension the territory inclosed
ל֙וּזָה֙ from thence toward Luz H3870
ל֙וּזָה֙ from thence toward Luz
Strong's: H3870
Word #: 4 of 22
luz, the name of two places in palestine
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 5 of 22
near, with or among; often in general, to
כֶּ֤תֶף to the side H3802
כֶּ֤תֶף to the side
Strong's: H3802
Word #: 6 of 22
the shoulder (proper, i.e., upper end of the arm; as being the spot where the garments hang); figuratively, side-piece or lateral projection of anythi
ל֙וּזָה֙ from thence toward Luz H3870
ל֙וּזָה֙ from thence toward Luz
Strong's: H3870
Word #: 7 of 22
luz, the name of two places in palestine
מִנֶּ֥גֶב southward H5045
מִנֶּ֥גֶב southward
Strong's: H5045
Word #: 8 of 22
the south (from its drought); specifically, the negeb or southern district of judah, occasionally, egypt (as south to palestine)
הִ֖יא H1931
הִ֖יא
Strong's: H1931
Word #: 9 of 22
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo
בֵּֽית H0
בֵּֽית
Strong's: H0
Word #: 10 of 22
אֵ֑ל which is Bethel H1008
אֵ֑ל which is Bethel
Strong's: H1008
Word #: 11 of 22
beth-el, a place in palestine
וְיָרַ֤ד descended H3381
וְיָרַ֤ד descended
Strong's: H3381
Word #: 12 of 22
to descend (literally, to go downwards; or conventionally to a lower region, as the shore, a boundary, the enemy, etc.; or figuratively, to fall); cau
הַגְּבוּל֙ And the border H1366
הַגְּבוּל֙ And the border
Strong's: H1366
Word #: 13 of 22
properly, a cord (as twisted), i.e., (by implication) a boundary; by extension the territory inclosed
עַטְר֣וֹת H0
עַטְר֣וֹת
Strong's: H0
Word #: 14 of 22
אַדָּ֔ר to Atarothadar H5853
אַדָּ֔ר to Atarothadar
Strong's: H5853
Word #: 15 of 22
atroth-addar, a place in palestine
עַל H5921
עַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 16 of 22
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
הָהָ֕ר near the hill H2022
הָהָ֕ר near the hill
Strong's: H2022
Word #: 17 of 22
a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively)
אֲשֶׁ֛ר H834
אֲשֶׁ֛ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 18 of 22
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
מִנֶּ֥גֶב southward H5045
מִנֶּ֥גֶב southward
Strong's: H5045
Word #: 19 of 22
the south (from its drought); specifically, the negeb or southern district of judah, occasionally, egypt (as south to palestine)
לְבֵית H0
לְבֵית
Strong's: H0
Word #: 20 of 22
חֹר֖וֹן Bethhoron H1032
חֹר֖וֹן Bethhoron
Strong's: H1032
Word #: 21 of 22
beth-choron, the name of two adjoining places in palestine
תַּחְתּֽוֹן׃ of the nether H8481
תַּחְתּֽוֹן׃ of the nether
Strong's: H8481
Word #: 22 of 22
bottommost

Analysis & Commentary

The border went over from thence toward Luz, to the side of Luz, which is Beth-el, southward—Luz was Bethel's original Canaanite name. Jacob renamed it Beth-el ('house of God') after his vision of the ladder (Genesis 28:19). Including both names preserves historical memory. The border continues to Ataroth-adar, near the hill that lieth on the south side of the nether Beth-horon.

Bethel's mention connects Benjamin's inheritance to patriarchal history. Every boundary marker tells covenant story. The geography isn't random—it recalls Jacob's encounter with God, Abraham's altars, and divine promises. Believers likewise inherit a 'cloud of witnesses' (Hebrews 12:1) whose faith marks our spiritual landscape.

Historical Context

Bethel ('house of God') became a major worship center, later corrupted under Jeroboam I who erected a golden calf there (1 Kings 12:29). The 'nether' (lower) Beth-horon was a strategic pass controlling the Jerusalem-coastal plain road, site of many biblical battles.

Questions for Reflection

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