Joshua 15:3
And it went out to the south side to Maaleh-acrabbim, and passed along to Zin, and ascended up on the south side unto Kadesh-barnea, and passed along to Hezron, and went up to Adar, and fetched a compass to Karkaa:
Original Language Analysis
Cross References
Historical Context
Kadesh-Barnea, identified with Ein el-Qudeirat in northeastern Sinai, was a major oasis providing water for substantial populations. Archaeological excavations reveal a fortress from the 10th-7th centuries BCE, confirming Israelite presence. The site's strategic location at the intersection of trade routes and its water resources made it ideal for Israel's wilderness encampment. The Ascent of Scorpions likely corresponds to modern Naqb es-Safa, a treacherous pass ascending from the Arabah to the Negev plateau. Ancient travelers feared this route's combination of steep terrain, extreme heat, and dangerous wildlife. The Wilderness of Zin encompassed the central Negev's limestone plateau, characterized by rugged wadis and sparse vegetation supporting only nomadic pastoralism.
Questions for Reflection
- How does God's inclusion of failure sites (Kadesh-Barnea where Israel rebelled) in Judah's promised inheritance demonstrate His redemptive purposes?
- What scorpion-infested 'ascents'—difficult, dangerous passages—has God used to strengthen your faith and lead you into blessing?
- How can remembering places of past discipline help you appreciate present grace and avoid repeating previous failures?
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Analysis & Commentary
And it went out to the south side to Maaleh-acrabbim, and passed along to Zin, and ascended up on the south side unto Kadesh-barnea. The boundary's westward progression traces crucial wilderness landmarks. Maaleh-Acrabbim (מַעֲלֵה עַקְרַבִּים) means "Ascent of Scorpions"—a steep, dangerous pass infested with scorpions, located in the Arabah valley south of the Dead Sea. This formidable terrain marked the transition from the Jordan Rift to the Negev highlands.
The wilderness of Tsin (צִן, not to be confused with Sin, סִין) recalls Israel's forty-year wandering. Here Miriam died (Numbers 20:1), and Moses struck the rock in disobedience (Numbers 20:11-12), forfeiting entry into Canaan. Including this location in Judah's boundary converts judgment geography into inheritance geography—God redeems even places of failure. Kadesh-Barnea (קָדֵשׁ בַּרְנֵעַ, "Holy [place] of the Desert of Wandering") served as Israel's wilderness headquarters, where the spies' evil report triggered forty years of judgment (Numbers 13-14).
Theologically, this boundary commemorates both judgment and grace. The landmarks testify to God's discipline (wilderness wandering) and faithfulness (eventual inheritance despite failure). The next generation inherits land their fathers forfeited, illustrating redemptive continuity across generations.