Joshua 15:19

Authorized King James Version

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Who answered, Give me a blessing; for thou hast given me a south land; give me also springs of water. And he gave her the upper springs, and the nether springs.

Original Language Analysis

וַתֹּ֜אמֶר Who answered H559
וַתֹּ֜אמֶר Who answered
Strong's: H559
Word #: 1 of 20
to say (used with great latitude)
וַיִּתֶּן And he gave H5414
וַיִּתֶּן And he gave
Strong's: H5414
Word #: 2 of 20
to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
לִּ֣י H0
לִּ֣י
Strong's: H0
Word #: 3 of 20
בְרָכָ֗ה me a blessing H1293
בְרָכָ֗ה me a blessing
Strong's: H1293
Word #: 4 of 20
benediction; by implication prosperity
כִּ֣י H3588
כִּ֣י
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 5 of 20
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
אֶ֤רֶץ land H776
אֶ֤רֶץ land
Strong's: H776
Word #: 6 of 20
the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
הַנֶּ֙גֶב֙ me a south H5045
הַנֶּ֙גֶב֙ me a south
Strong's: H5045
Word #: 7 of 20
the south (from its drought); specifically, the negeb or southern district of judah, occasionally, egypt (as south to palestine)
וַיִּתֶּן And he gave H5414
וַיִּתֶּן And he gave
Strong's: H5414
Word #: 8 of 20
to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
וַיִּתֶּן And he gave H5414
וַיִּתֶּן And he gave
Strong's: H5414
Word #: 9 of 20
to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
לִ֖י H0
לִ֖י
Strong's: H0
Word #: 10 of 20
גֻּלֹּ֥ת me also springs H1543
גֻּלֹּ֥ת me also springs
Strong's: H1543
Word #: 11 of 20
a fountain, bowl or globe (all as round)
מָ֑יִם of water H4325
מָ֑יִם of water
Strong's: H4325
Word #: 12 of 20
water; figuratively, juice; by euphemism, urine, semen
וַיִּתֶּן And he gave H5414
וַיִּתֶּן And he gave
Strong's: H5414
Word #: 13 of 20
to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
לָ֗הּ H0
לָ֗הּ
Strong's: H0
Word #: 14 of 20
אֵ֚ת H853
אֵ֚ת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 15 of 20
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
גֻּלֹּ֥ת me also springs H1543
גֻּלֹּ֥ת me also springs
Strong's: H1543
Word #: 16 of 20
a fountain, bowl or globe (all as round)
עִלִּיּ֔וֹת her the upper H5942
עִלִּיּ֔וֹת her the upper
Strong's: H5942
Word #: 17 of 20
high; i.e., comparative
וְאֵ֖ת H853
וְאֵ֖ת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 18 of 20
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
גֻּלֹּ֥ת me also springs H1543
גֻּלֹּ֥ת me also springs
Strong's: H1543
Word #: 19 of 20
a fountain, bowl or globe (all as round)
תַּחְתִּיּֽוֹת׃ and the nether H8482
תַּחְתִּיּֽוֹת׃ and the nether
Strong's: H8482
Word #: 20 of 20
lowermost; as noun (feminine plural) the depths (figuratively, a pit, the womb)

Analysis & Commentary

Who answered, Give me a blessing; for thou hast given me a south land; give me also springs of water. And he gave her the upper springs, and the nether springs. Achsah's request demonstrates theological insight wrapped in practical need. Her opening, "Give me a blessing" (tenah li berachah, תְּנָה־לִּי בְרָכָה), frames the petition spiritually—she seeks not mere property but berachah, divine blessing channeled through her father. This language elevates physical land to covenant promise level, recognizing earthly gifts as expressions of divine favor.

Her logic is compelling: "for thou hast given me a south land" (eretz ha-negev, אֶרֶץ הַנֶּגֶב). The Negev was semi-arid, receiving 8-12 inches annual rainfall—adequate for grazing and dry farming but challenging without irrigation. Achsah essentially argues, "You've given good land, but it's incomplete without water to make it fully productive." She requests "springs of water" (gullot mayim, גֻּלֹּת מָיִם), permanent water sources essential for sustained habitation and agriculture.

Caleb's generous response—"the upper springs and the nether springs" (both upland and lowland water sources)—exceeds the request, providing comprehensive water access. This generosity mirrors our Heavenly Father who "is able to do exceeding abundantly above all that we ask or think" (Ephesians 3:20). The springs made the Negev land productive, illustrating how God's provision often comes in layers—first the land, then the means to make it fruitful.

Historical Context

Water scarcity defined life in the Negev region. Annual rainfall averages 8-12 inches in northern Negev, decreasing southward. Ancient settlements clustered around springs, wells, and wadis that captured seasonal runoff. Archaeological surveys reveal sophisticated water management systems including cisterns, channels, and terracing to maximize agricultural potential. The "upper" and "lower" springs likely refer to elevational differences—upland springs fed by mountain runoff and lowland springs from aquifers. Controlling multiple water sources provided security against drought and supported diverse agriculture (orchards requiring perennial water, grains using seasonal rainfall). Modern identification places these springs near Debir in the Hebron hills. Achsah's acquisition of prime water rights made her and Othniel's inheritance exceptionally valuable, supporting not just minimal survival but prosperity.

Questions for Reflection

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