Joshua 10:7

Authorized King James Version

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So Joshua ascended from Gilgal, he, and all the people of war with him, and all the mighty men of valour.

Original Language Analysis

וַיַּ֨עַל ascended H5927
וַיַּ֨עַל ascended
Strong's: H5927
Word #: 1 of 12
to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative
יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ So Joshua H3091
יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ So Joshua
Strong's: H3091
Word #: 2 of 12
jehoshua (i.e., joshua), the jewish leader
מִן H4480
מִן
Strong's: H4480
Word #: 3 of 12
properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses
הַגִּלְגָּ֗ל from Gilgal H1537
הַגִּלְגָּ֗ל from Gilgal
Strong's: H1537
Word #: 4 of 12
gilgal, the name of three places in palestine
ה֚וּא H1931
ה֚וּא
Strong's: H1931
Word #: 5 of 12
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo
וְכָל H3605
וְכָל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 6 of 12
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
עַ֤ם he and all the people H5971
עַ֤ם he and all the people
Strong's: H5971
Word #: 7 of 12
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
הַמִּלְחָמָה֙ of war H4421
הַמִּלְחָמָה֙ of war
Strong's: H4421
Word #: 8 of 12
a battle (i.e., the engagement); generally, war (i.e., war-fare)
עִמּ֔וֹ H5973
עִמּ֔וֹ
Strong's: H5973
Word #: 9 of 12
adverb or preposition, with (i.e., in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then
וְכֹ֖ל H3605
וְכֹ֖ל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 10 of 12
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
גִּבּוֹרֵ֥י with him and all the mighty H1368
גִּבּוֹרֵ֥י with him and all the mighty
Strong's: H1368
Word #: 11 of 12
powerful; by implication, warrior, tyrant
הֶחָֽיִל׃ men of valour H2428
הֶחָֽיִל׃ men of valour
Strong's: H2428
Word #: 12 of 12
probably a force, whether of men, means or other resources; an army, wealth, virtue, valor, strength

Analysis & Commentary

Joshua's immediate response: 'So Joshua ascended from Gilgal, he, and all the people of war with him, and all the mighty men of valour.' The verb 'ascended' (alah, עָלָה) indicates upward movement—Gibeon sat higher than Gilgal geographically and perhaps suggesting spiritual significance (ascending to obey covenant). The phrase 'all the people of war' indicates full mobilization—no token force but complete military commitment. The addition 'all the mighty men of valour' (gibborei hachayil, גִּבּוֹרֵי הֶחָיִל) emphasizes elite warriors' participation. Joshua didn't send subordinates but personally led with full force. This demonstrates covenant faithfulness: despite deception, despite potential danger, Israel honors treaty obligations. The Reformed principle applies: covenant faithfulness reflects God's character, not circumstances or feelings. The rapid response also shows urgency—no deliberation or excuse-making, but immediate obedience to covenant duty.

Historical Context

The march from Gilgal to Gibeon covered about twenty-five miles through difficult terrain—ascending from Jordan Valley into central highlands (roughly 3,500 feet elevation gain). Ancient armies could cover fifteen-twenty miles per day under forced march conditions. Joshua's full mobilization meant leading possibly 40,000+ fighting men (based on Numbers census figures adjusted for casualties and growth). This wasn't a quick raid but major military operation requiring logistics, coordination, and endurance. The fact that he moved immediately, taking all warriors including elite troops, shows he understood the strategic importance and covenant obligation. The phrase 'mighty men of valour' likely refers to experienced, proven warriors—perhaps those who fought at Jericho and Ai. Their participation assured success. The march's difficulty (nighttime, verse 9; uphill; long distance) tested troops' commitment. Yet they responded, reflecting leadership's integrity and covenant priority. Ancient armies' willingness to march reflected confidence in commanders and cause. Israel's response demonstrated both.

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