John 4:12

Authorized King James Version

Art thou greater than our father Jacob, which gave us the well, and drank thereof himself, and his children, and his cattle?

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
μὴ
(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas g3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether
#2
σὺ
thou
thou
#3
μείζων
greater
larger (literally or figuratively, specially, in age)
#4
εἶ
Art
thou art
#5
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#6
πατρὸς
father
a "father" (literally or figuratively, near or more remote)
#7
ἡμῶν
than our
of (or from) us
#8
Ἰακώβ
Jacob
jacob (i.e., ja`akob), the progenitor of the israelites
#9
ὃς
which
the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that
#10
ἔδωκεν
gave
to give (used in a very wide application, properly, or by implication, literally or figuratively; greatly modified by the connection)
#11
ἡμῖν
us
to (or for, with, by) us
#12
τὸ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#13
φρέαρ
the well
a hole in the ground (dug for obtaining or holding water or other purposes), i.e., a cistern or well; figuratively, an abyss (as a prison)
#14
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#15
αὐτοῦ
himself
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#16
ἐξ
thereof
a primary preposition denoting origin (the point whence action or motion proceeds), from, out (of place, time, or cause literal or figurative; direct
#17
αὐτοῦ
himself
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#18
ἔπιεν
drank
to imbibe (literally or figuratively)
#19
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#20
οἱ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#21
υἱοὶ
children
a "son" (sometimes of animals), used very widely of immediate, remote or figuratively, kinship
#22
αὐτοῦ
himself
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#23
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#24
τὰ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#25
θρέμματα
cattle
stock (as raised on a farm)
#26
αὐτοῦ
himself
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

Analysis

This verse develops the divine love theme central to John. The concept of divine revelation reflects the essential nature of God revealed through Christ. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to theological biography emphasizing Jesus' divine identity, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on divine love particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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