Job 7:9
As the cloud is consumed and vanisheth away: so he that goeth down to the grave shall come up no more.
Original Language Analysis
כָּלָ֣ה
is consumed
H3615
כָּלָ֣ה
is consumed
Strong's:
H3615
Word #:
1 of 8
to end, whether intransitive (to cease, be finished, perish) or transitive (to complete, prepare, consume)
עָ֭נָן
As the cloud
H6051
עָ֭נָן
As the cloud
Strong's:
H6051
Word #:
2 of 8
a cloud (as covering the sky), i.e., the nimbus or thunder-cloud
וַיֵּלַ֑ךְ
H1980
וַיֵּלַ֑ךְ
Strong's:
H1980
Word #:
3 of 8
to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
כֵּ֥ן
H3651
כֵּ֥ן
Strong's:
H3651
Word #:
4 of 8
properly, set upright; hence (figuratively as adjective) just; but usually (as adverb or conjunction) rightly or so (in various applications to manner
יוֹרֵ֥ד
so he that goeth down
H3381
יוֹרֵ֥ד
so he that goeth down
Strong's:
H3381
Word #:
5 of 8
to descend (literally, to go downwards; or conventionally to a lower region, as the shore, a boundary, the enemy, etc.; or figuratively, to fall); cau
שְׁ֝א֗וֹל
to the grave
H7585
שְׁ֝א֗וֹל
to the grave
Strong's:
H7585
Word #:
6 of 8
hades or the world of the dead (as if a subterranean retreat), including its accessories and inmates
Cross References
2 Samuel 14:14For we must needs die, and are as water spilt on the ground, which cannot be gathered up again; neither doth God respect any person: yet doth he devise means, that his banished be not expelled from him.Psalms 39:13O spare me, that I may recover strength, before I go hence, and be no more.Job 10:21Before I go whence I shall not return, even to the land of darkness and the shadow of death;Job 16:22When a few years are come, then I shall go the way whence I shall not return.Job 30:15Terrors are turned upon me: they pursue my soul as the wind: and my welfare passeth away as a cloud.2 Samuel 12:23But now he is dead, wherefore should I fast? can I bring him back again? I shall go to him, but he shall not return to me.
Historical Context
Ancient Near Eastern burial practices included elaborate tombs and grave goods, suggesting belief in some form of afterlife. However, theological understanding of resurrection remained undeveloped in Job's era. The concept emerged more clearly in later prophets (Isaiah 26:19, Daniel 12:2) and reached full revelation in Christ's resurrection.
Questions for Reflection
- How does Christ's resurrection constitute God's definitive answer to Job's despairing view of death's finality?
- What does Job's limited perspective teach us about progressive revelation and reading Old Testament texts christologically?
- In what ways does acknowledging death's natural finality make resurrection more precious rather than less believable?
Analysis & Commentary
Job employs natural imagery to illustrate death's finality: the cloud that dissipates never reconstitutes. The verb 'consumed' (kalah, כָּלָה) means to complete, finish, or bring to end. The cloud 'vanisheth away' (halak, הָלַךְ) using the common verb for going or walking—it departs permanently. Job applies this to human mortality: 'he that goeth down to the grave' (Sheol, שְׁאוֹל) 'shall come up no more' (lo ya'aleh, לֹא יַעֲלֶה).
This verse reflects Old Testament revelation's limited understanding of resurrection. Job speaks truth about natural human destiny apart from divine intervention—death is final, and the grave doesn't release its captives. However, Scripture's progressive revelation will clarify that resurrection isn't natural but supernatural, accomplished through divine power. Job himself will later declare faith in a living Redeemer who will raise him (19:25-27).
The cloud metaphor appears throughout Scripture (Isaiah 44:22, Hosea 6:4, 13:3) representing transience. Yet God subverts this imagery in the New Testament: Christ ascended in clouds and will return in clouds (Acts 1:9-11, Revelation 1:7). The seemingly permanent dissipation Job describes isn't final for those in Christ. The Reformed tradition affirms that natural observation (clouds don't return) requires supernatural intervention (resurrection) for hope.