Job 21:17

Authorized King James Version

How oft is the candle of the wicked put out! and how oft cometh their destruction upon them! God distributeth sorrows in his anger.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
כַּמָּ֤ה׀
properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and
#2
נֵר
How oft is the candle
a lamp (i.e., the burner) or light (literally or figuratively)
#3
רְשָׁ֘עִ֤ים
of the wicked
morally wrong; concretely, an (actively) bad person
#4
יִדְעָ֗ךְ
put out
to be extinguished; figuratively, to expire or be dried up
#5
וְיָבֹ֣א
and how oft cometh
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
#6
עָלֵ֣ימוֹ
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#7
אֵידָ֑ם
their destruction
oppression; by implication misfortune, ruin
#8
חֲ֝בָלִ֗ים
sorrows
ruin
#9
יְחַלֵּ֥ק
upon them! God distributeth
to be smooth (figuratively)
#10
בְּאַפּֽוֹ׃
in his anger
properly, the nose or nostril; hence, the face, and occasionally a person; also (from the rapid breathing in passion) ire

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection