Job 17:7

Authorized King James Version

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Mine eye also is dim by reason of sorrow, and all my members are as a shadow.

Original Language Analysis

וַתֵּ֣כַהּ also is dim H3543
וַתֵּ֣כַהּ also is dim
Strong's: H3543
Word #: 1 of 6
to be weak, i.e., (figuratively) to despond (causatively, rebuke), or (of light, the eye) to grow dull
מִכַּ֣עַשׂ by reason of sorrow H3708
מִכַּ֣עַשׂ by reason of sorrow
Strong's: H3708
Word #: 2 of 6
vexation
עֵינִ֑י Mine eye H5869
עֵינִ֑י Mine eye
Strong's: H5869
Word #: 3 of 6
an eye (literally or figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the landscape)
וִֽיצֻרַ֖י and all my members H3338
וִֽיצֻרַ֖י and all my members
Strong's: H3338
Word #: 4 of 6
structure, i.e., limb or part
כַּצֵּ֣ל are as a shadow H6738
כַּצֵּ֣ל are as a shadow
Strong's: H6738
Word #: 5 of 6
shade, whether literal or figurative
כֻּלָּֽם׃ H3605
כֻּלָּֽם׃
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 6 of 6
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

Analysis & Commentary

Mine eye also is dim by reason of sorrow (וַתֵּכַהּ מִכַּעַשׂ עֵינִי, vattekhah mikka'as eini)—Tekhah (grows dim/darkens) describes failing vision from grief or age. Ka'as (sorrow/grief/vexation) is emotional and physical anguish. Job's suffering has literal physiological effects, contradicting his friends' assumption that only the wicked suffer visibly.

And all my members are as a shadow (וִיצֻרַי כַּצֵּל כֻּלָּם, viytsurai khatsel kullam)—Yetsurai (my members/forms/frame) refers to Job's bodily parts. Khatsel (as a shadow) evokes Psalm 102:11 and 144:4—human life's brevity and fragility. Job describes his body wasting to nothing, becoming insubstantial as a passing shadow.

Historical Context

Ancient physiology understood tight connections between emotional and physical health (compare Proverbs 17:22, 'a broken spirit drieth the bones'). Job's description isn't metaphorical but literal—prolonged grief and suffering were destroying his body, validating his complaints against friends who insisted he must be secretly sinful.

Questions for Reflection