Jeremiah 23:39

Authorized King James Version

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Therefore, behold, I, even I, will utterly forget you, and I will forsake you, and the city that I gave you and your fathers, and cast you out of my presence:

Original Language Analysis

לָכֵ֣ן H3651
לָכֵ֣ן
Strong's: H3651
Word #: 1 of 15
properly, set upright; hence (figuratively as adjective) just; but usually (as adverb or conjunction) rightly or so (in various applications to manner
הִנְנִ֔י H2005
הִנְנִ֔י
Strong's: H2005
Word #: 2 of 15
lo!; also (as expressing surprise) if
וְנָשִׁ֥יתִי forget H5382
וְנָשִׁ֥יתִי forget
Strong's: H5382
Word #: 3 of 15
to forget; figuratively, to neglect; causatively, to remit, remove
אֶתְכֶ֖ם H853
אֶתְכֶ֖ם
Strong's: H853
Word #: 4 of 15
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
נָשֹׁ֑א Therefore behold I even I will utterly H5377
נָשֹׁ֑א Therefore behold I even I will utterly
Strong's: H5377
Word #: 5 of 15
to lead astray, i.e., (mentally) to delude, or (morally) to seduce
וְנָטַשְׁתִּ֣י you and I will forsake H5203
וְנָטַשְׁתִּ֣י you and I will forsake
Strong's: H5203
Word #: 6 of 15
properly, to pound, i.e., smite; by implication (as if beating out, and thus expanding) to disperse; also, to thrust off, down, out or upon (inclusive
אֶתְכֶ֗ם H853
אֶתְכֶ֗ם
Strong's: H853
Word #: 7 of 15
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
וְאֶת H853
וְאֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 8 of 15
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
הָעִיר֙ you and the city H5892
הָעִיר֙ you and the city
Strong's: H5892
Word #: 9 of 15
a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
אֲשֶׁ֨ר H834
אֲשֶׁ֨ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 10 of 15
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
נָתַ֧תִּי that I gave H5414
נָתַ֧תִּי that I gave
Strong's: H5414
Word #: 11 of 15
to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
לָכֶ֛ם H0
לָכֶ֛ם
Strong's: H0
Word #: 12 of 15
וְלַאֲבוֹתֵיכֶ֖ם you and your fathers H1
וְלַאֲבוֹתֵיכֶ֖ם you and your fathers
Strong's: H1
Word #: 13 of 15
father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application
מֵעַ֥ל H5921
מֵעַ֥ל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 14 of 15
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
פָּנָֽי׃ and cast you out of my presence H6440
פָּנָֽי׃ and cast you out of my presence
Strong's: H6440
Word #: 15 of 15
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi

Analysis & Commentary

Therefore, behold, I, even I, will utterly forget you, and I will forsake you, and the city that I gave you and your fathers, and cast you out of my presence (לָכֵן הִנְנִי וְנָשִׁיתִי אֶתְכֶם נָשֹׁא וְנָטַשְׁתִּי אֶתְכֶם וְאֶת־הָעִיר אֲשֶׁר נָתַתִּי לָכֶם וְלַאֲבוֹתֵיכֶם מֵעַל פָּנָי, lakhen hin'ni v'nashiti etkhem nasho v'natashti etkhem v'et-ha'ir asher natatti lakhem v'la'avoteikhem me'al panai). The emphatic אָנֹכִי וְנָשִׁיתִי (anokhi v'nashiti, 'I, even I, will forget') uses the infinitive absolute נָשֹׁא נָשָׁה (nasho nashah) for emphasis—'utterly, completely forget.' The verbs pile up: forget (נָשָׁה, nashah), forsake (נָטַשׁ, natash), cast out (שָׁלַךְ implied in context).

The threefold judgment mirrors the Trinity of divine rejection:

  1. God will forget them—reversing His covenant remembrance (Exodus 2:24)
  2. God will forsake them—withdrawing presence
  3. God will cast them from His presence—exile from land and proximity.

The city 'that I gave you and your fathers' emphasizes gift being revoked—Jerusalem was grace, not entitlement. Being cast מֵעַל פָּנָי (me'al panai, 'from my face/presence') is ultimate curse, reversal of Aaronic blessing ('The LORD make his face shine upon thee,' Numbers 6:25). To be forgotten by God is worse than death.

Historical Context

This prophecy found literal fulfillment in 586 BC when Babylon destroyed Jerusalem and exiled Judah. God's presence departed the temple (Ezekiel 10), the city was forsaken, and people were cast from the land. The exile represented divine forgetting—ceasing to remember covenant promises in their favor. Only after 70 years would God 'remember' again (Jeremiah 29:10), demonstrating that even divine forgetting has limits bounded by grace.

Questions for Reflection

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