James 5:12

Authorized King James Version

But above all things, my brethren, swear not, neither by heaven, neither by the earth, neither by any other oath: but let your yea be yea; and your nay, nay; lest ye fall into condemnation.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
Πρὸ
above
"fore", i.e., in front of, prior (figuratively, superior) to
#2
πάντων
all things
all, any, every, the whole
#3
δὲ
But
but, and, etc
#4
ἀδελφοί
G80
brethren
a brother (literally or figuratively) near or remote (much like g0001)
#5
μου
my
of me
#6
μὴ
not
(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas g3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether
#7
ὀμνύετε
swear
to swear, i.e., take (or declare on) oath
#8
μήτε
neither
not too, i.e., (in continued negation) neither or nor; also, not even
#9
τὸν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#10
οὐρανὸν
by heaven
the sky; by extension, heaven (as the abode of god); by implication, happiness, power, eternity; specially, the gospel (christianity)
#11
μήτε
neither
not too, i.e., (in continued negation) neither or nor; also, not even
#12
τὴν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#13
γῆν
by the earth
soil; by extension a region, or the solid part or the whole of the terrene globe (including the occupants in each application)
#14
μήτε
neither
not too, i.e., (in continued negation) neither or nor; also, not even
#15
ἄλλον
other
"else," i.e., different (in many applications)
#16
τινὰ
by any
some or any person or object
#17
ὅρκον·
oath
a limit, i.e., (sacred) restraint (specially, an oath)
#18
ἤτω
be
let him (or it) be
#19
δὲ
But
but, and, etc
#20
ὑμῶν
your
of (from or concerning) you
#21
τὸ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#22
ναὶ
yea
yes
#23
ναὶ
yea
yes
#24
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#25
τὸ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#26
οὔ
nay
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
#27
οὔ
nay
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
#28
ἵνα
in order that (denoting the purpose or the result)
#29
μὴ
not
(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas g3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether
#30
εἴς
into
to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases
#31
ὑπὸκρίσιν
condemnation
acting under a feigned part, i.e., (figuratively) deceit ("hypocrisy")
#32
πέσητε
ye fall
to fall (literally or figuratively)

Analysis

This verse develops the covenant theme central to James. The concept of covenant community reflects the development of covenant within biblical theology. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on covenant particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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