Isaiah 40:12

Authorized King James Version

Who hath measured the waters in the hollow of his hand, and meted out heaven with the span, and comprehended the dust of the earth in a measure, and weighed the mountains in scales, and the hills in a balance?

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
מִֽי
who? (occasionally, by a peculiar idiom, of things); also (indefinitely) whoever; often used in oblique construction with prefix or suffix
#2
מָדַ֨ד
Who hath measured
properly, to stretch; by implication, to measure (as if by stretching a line); figuratively, to be extended
#3
בְּשָׁעֳל֜וֹ
in the hollow of his hand
the palm; by extension, a handful
#4
מַ֗יִם
the waters
water; figuratively, juice; by euphemism, urine, semen
#5
וְשָׁמַ֙יִם֙
heaven
the sky (as aloft; the dual perhaps alluding to the visible arch in which the clouds move, as well as to the higher ether where the celestial bodies r
#6
בַּזֶּ֣רֶת
with the span
the spread of the fingers, i.e., a span
#7
תִּכֵּ֔ן
and meted out
to balance, i.e., measure out (by weight or dimension); figuratively to arrange, equalize, through the idea of levelling (ment, estimate, test)
#8
וְכָ֥ל
and comprehended
properly, to keep in; hence, to measure; figuratively, to maintain (in various senses)
#9
בַּשָּׁלִ֖שׁ
in a measure
a triple, i.e., (as an officer) a general of the third rank (upward, i.e., the highest)
#10
עֲפַ֣ר
the dust
dust (as powdered or gray); hence, clay, earth, mud
#11
הָאָ֑רֶץ
of the earth
the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
#12
וְשָׁקַ֤ל
and weighed
to suspend or poise (especially in trade)
#13
בַּפֶּ֙לֶס֙
in scales
a balance
#14
הָרִ֔ים
the mountains
a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively)
#15
וּגְבָע֖וֹת
and the hills
a hillock
#16
בְּמֹאזְנָֽיִם׃
in a balance
(only in the dual) a pair of scales

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to Isaiah. The concept of divine revelation reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

Related Resources

Explore related topics, people, and study resources to deepen your understanding of this passage.

People