Isaiah 29:8

Authorized King James Version

It shall even be as when an hungry man dreameth, and, behold, he eateth; but he awaketh, and his soul is empty: or as when a thirsty man dreameth, and, behold, he drinketh; but he awaketh, and, behold, he is faint, and his soul hath appetite: so shall the multitude of all the nations be, that fight against mount Zion.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וְהָיָ֡ה
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
#2
וְכַאֲשֶׁ֨ר
or as when
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
#3
יַחֲלֹ֤ם
dreameth
properly, to bind firmly, i.e., (through the figurative sense of dumbness) to dream
#4
הָרָעֵ֜ב
It shall even be as when an hungry
hungry (more or less intensely)
#5
וְהִנֵּ֣ה
lo!
#6
אוֹכֵ֗ל
and behold he eateth
to eat (literally or figuratively)
#7
וְהֵקִיץ֙
but he awaketh
to awake (literally or figuratively)
#8
וְרֵיקָ֣ה
is empty
empty; figuratively, worthless
#9
וְנַפְשׁ֖וֹ
and his soul
properly, a breathing creature, i.e., animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal, accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or ment
#10
וְכַאֲשֶׁ֨ר
or as when
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
#11
יַחֲלֹ֤ם
dreameth
properly, to bind firmly, i.e., (through the figurative sense of dumbness) to dream
#12
הַצָּמֵא֙
a thirsty man
thirsty (literally or figuratively)
#13
וְהִנֵּ֣ה
lo!
#14
שֹׁתֶ֔ה
and behold he drinketh
to imbibe (literally or figuratively)
#15
וְהֵקִיץ֙
but he awaketh
to awake (literally or figuratively)
#16
וְהִנֵּ֣ה
lo!
#17
עָיֵ֔ף
and behold he is faint
languid
#18
וְנַפְשׁ֖וֹ
and his soul
properly, a breathing creature, i.e., animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal, accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or ment
#19
שׁוֹקֵקָ֑ה
hath appetite
to course (like a beast of prey); by implication, to seek greedily
#20
כֵּ֣ן
properly, set upright; hence (figuratively as adjective) just; but usually (as adverb or conjunction) rightly or so (in various applications to manner
#21
יִֽהְיֶ֗ה
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
#22
הֲמוֹן֙
so shall the multitude
a noise, tumult, crowd; also disquietude, wealth
#23
כָּל
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
#24
הַגּוֹיִ֔ם
of all the nations
a foreign nation; hence, a gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight of locusts
#25
הַצֹּבְאִ֖ים
be that fight
to mass (an army or servants)
#26
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#27
הַ֥ר
against mount
a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively)
#28
צִיּֽוֹן׃
Zion
tsijon (as a permanent capital), a mountain of jerusalem

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing covenant community contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of Isaiah Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes covenant community in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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