Isaiah 23:18

Authorized King James Version

And her merchandise and her hire shall be holiness to the LORD: it shall not be treasured nor laid up; for her merchandise shall be for them that dwell before the LORD, to eat sufficiently, and for durable clothing.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וְהָיָ֨ה
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
#2
סַחְרָ֔הּ
And her merchandise
profit (from trade)
#3
וְאֶתְנַנָּ֗הּ
and her hire
a gift (as the price of harlotry or idolatry)
#4
קֹ֚דֶשׁ
shall be holiness
a sacred place or thing; rarely abstract, sanctity
#5
יְהוָה֙
the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#6
לֹ֥א
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#7
יֵֽאָצֵ֖ר
it shall not be treasured
to store up
#8
וְלֹ֣א
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#9
יֵֽחָסֵ֑ן
nor laid up
properly, to (be) compact; by implication, to hoard
#10
כִּ֣י
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
#11
לַיֹּשְׁבִ֞ים
shall be for them that dwell
properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry
#12
לִפְנֵ֤י
before
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
#13
יְהוָה֙
the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#14
יִֽהְיֶ֣ה
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
#15
סַחְרָ֔הּ
And her merchandise
profit (from trade)
#16
לֶאֱכֹ֥ל
to eat
to eat (literally or figuratively)
#17
לְשָׂבְעָ֖ה
sufficiently
satiety
#18
וְלִמְכַסֶּ֥ה
clothing
a covering, i.e., garment; specifically, a coverlet (for a bed), an awning (from the sun); also the omentum (as covering the intestines)
#19
עָתִֽיק׃
and for durable
properly, antique, i.e., venerable or splendid

Analysis

Within the broader context of Isaiah, this passage highlights salvation through simile or metaphorical language. The theological weight of holiness connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about holiness, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of Isaiah.

Historical Context

The historical context of the biblical period relevant to this book's composition provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The the cultural context of the biblical world would have shaped how the original audience understood holiness. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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