Isaiah 18:5

Authorized King James Version

For afore the harvest, when the bud is perfect, and the sour grape is ripening in the flower, he shall both cut off the sprigs with pruning hooks, and take away and cut down the branches.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
כִּֽי
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
#2
לִפְנֵ֤י
For afore
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
#3
קָצִיר֙
the harvest
severed, a limb (of a tree, or simply foliage)
#4
כְּתָם
is perfect
to complete, in a good or a bad sense, literal, or figurative, transitive or intransitive
#5
פֶּ֔רַח
when the bud
a calyx (natural or artificial); generally, bloom
#6
וּבֹ֥סֶר
and the sour grape
sour grape
#7
גֹּמֵ֖ל
is ripening
to treat a person (well or ill), i.e., benefit or requite; by implication (of toil), to ripen, i.e., (specifically) to wean
#8
יִֽהְיֶ֣ה
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
#9
נִצָּ֑ה
in the flower
a blossom
#10
וְכָרַ֤ת
he shall both cut off
to cut (off, down or asunder); by implication, to destroy or consume; specifically, to covenant (i.e., make an alliance or bargain, originally by cutt
#11
הַזַּלְזַלִּים֙
the sprigs
tremulous, i.e., a twig
#12
בַּמַּזְמֵר֔וֹת
with pruning hooks
a pruning-knife
#13
וְאֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#14
הַנְּטִישׁ֖וֹת
the branches
a tendril (as an offshoot)
#15
הֵסִ֥יר
and take away
to turn off (literally or figuratively)
#16
הֵתַֽז׃
and cut down
to lop off

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of Isaiah Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine revelation in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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