Isaiah 18:2

Authorized King James Version

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That sendeth ambassadors by the sea, even in vessels of bulrushes upon the waters, saying, Go, ye swift messengers, to a nation scattered and peeled, to a people terrible from their beginning hitherto; a nation meted out and trodden down, whose land the rivers have spoiled!

Original Language Analysis

הַשֹּׁלֵ֨חַ That sendeth H7971
הַשֹּׁלֵ֨חַ That sendeth
Strong's: H7971
Word #: 1 of 29
to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)
בַּיָּ֜ם by the sea H3220
בַּיָּ֜ם by the sea
Strong's: H3220
Word #: 2 of 29
a sea (as breaking in noisy surf) or large body of water; specifically (with the article), the mediterranean sea; sometimes a large river, or an artif
צִירִ֗ים ambassadors H6735
צִירִ֗ים ambassadors
Strong's: H6735
Word #: 3 of 29
a throe (as a phys. or mental pressure)
וּבִכְלֵי even in vessels H3627
וּבִכְלֵי even in vessels
Strong's: H3627
Word #: 4 of 29
something prepared, i.e., any apparatus (as an implement, utensil, dress, vessel or weapon)
גֹמֶא֮ of bulrushes H1573
גֹמֶא֮ of bulrushes
Strong's: H1573
Word #: 5 of 29
properly, an absorbent, i.e., the bulrush (from its porosity); specifically the papyrus
עַל H5921
עַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 6 of 29
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
פְּנֵי upon H6440
פְּנֵי upon
Strong's: H6440
Word #: 7 of 29
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
מַיִם֒ the waters H4325
מַיִם֒ the waters
Strong's: H4325
Word #: 8 of 29
water; figuratively, juice; by euphemism, urine, semen
לְכ֣וּ׀ H1980
לְכ֣וּ׀
Strong's: H1980
Word #: 9 of 29
to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
מַלְאָכִ֣ים messengers H4397
מַלְאָכִ֣ים messengers
Strong's: H4397
Word #: 10 of 29
a messenger; specifically, of god, i.e., an angel (also a prophet, priest or teacher)
קַלִּ֗ים ye swift H7031
קַלִּ֗ים ye swift
Strong's: H7031
Word #: 11 of 29
light; (by implication) rapid (also adverbial)
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 12 of 29
near, with or among; often in general, to
גּ֚וֹי a nation H1471
גּ֚וֹי a nation
Strong's: H1471
Word #: 13 of 29
a foreign nation; hence, a gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight of locusts
מְמֻשָּׁ֣ךְ scattered H4900
מְמֻשָּׁ֣ךְ scattered
Strong's: H4900
Word #: 14 of 29
to draw, used in a great variety of applications (including to sow, to sound, to prolong, to develop, to march, to remove, to delay, to be tall, etc.)
וּמוֹרָ֔ט and peeled H4178
וּמוֹרָ֔ט and peeled
Strong's: H4178
Word #: 15 of 29
obstinate, i.e., independent
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 16 of 29
near, with or among; often in general, to
עַ֥ם to a people H5971
עַ֥ם to a people
Strong's: H5971
Word #: 17 of 29
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
נוֹרָ֖א terrible H3372
נוֹרָ֖א terrible
Strong's: H3372
Word #: 18 of 29
to fear; morally to revere; causatively to frighten
מִן H4480
מִן
Strong's: H4480
Word #: 19 of 29
properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses
ה֣וּא H1931
ה֣וּא
Strong's: H1931
Word #: 20 of 29
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo
וָהָ֑לְאָה from their beginning hitherto H1973
וָהָ֑לְאָה from their beginning hitherto
Strong's: H1973
Word #: 21 of 29
to the distance, i.e., far away; also (of time) thus far
גּ֚וֹי a nation H1471
גּ֚וֹי a nation
Strong's: H1471
Word #: 22 of 29
a foreign nation; hence, a gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight of locusts
קַו H0
קַו
Strong's: H0
Word #: 23 of 29
קָ֣ו meted out H6978
קָ֣ו meted out
Strong's: H6978
Word #: 24 of 29
stalwart
וּמְבוּסָ֔ה and trodden down H4001
וּמְבוּסָ֔ה and trodden down
Strong's: H4001
Word #: 25 of 29
a trampling
אֲשֶׁר H834
אֲשֶׁר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 26 of 29
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
בָּזְא֥וּ have spoiled H958
בָּזְא֥וּ have spoiled
Strong's: H958
Word #: 27 of 29
probably to cleave
נְהָרִ֖ים the rivers H5104
נְהָרִ֖ים the rivers
Strong's: H5104
Word #: 28 of 29
a stream (including the sea; expectation the nile, euphrates, etc.); figuratively, prosperity
אַרְצֽוֹ׃ whose land H776
אַרְצֽוֹ׃ whose land
Strong's: H776
Word #: 29 of 29
the earth (at large, or partitively a land)

Analysis & Commentary

'That sendeth ambassadors by the sea, even in vessels of bulrushes upon the waters, saying, Go, ye swift messengers, to a nation scattered and peeled, to a people terrible from their beginning hitherto; a nation meted out and trodden down, whose land the rivers have spoiled!' Ethiopia sends ambassadors in papyrus reed boats (Egyptian/Cushite watercraft) seeking alliances. The 'swift messengers' carry diplomatic overtures. But to whom? The descriptions—'scattered and peeled' (tall and smooth-skinned), 'terrible from their beginning' (feared), 'meted out and trodden down' (measured and trampled)—likely describe Ethiopia itself, creating interpretive complexity. God may be commanding messengers to go TO Ethiopia with His message, or describing Ethiopian messengers' frantic diplomacy. Either way, human diplomatic maneuvering proves futile compared to divine sovereignty.

Historical Context

Papyrus reed boats were distinctive Egyptian/Cushite watercraft, light and fast for river travel. Ethiopian diplomacy during this period actively sought anti-Assyrian coalitions throughout the Levant. The descriptions fit Ethiopian/Cushite people: tall stature, smooth skin, fearsome reputation as warriors, and the Nile's annual flooding ('rivers have spoiled') defining their land. Historically, Ethiopia's anti-Assyrian efforts failed—Assyria defeated Egypt and Ethiopia at Eltekeh (701 BCE) and later campaigns. Despite fierce reputation and diplomatic efforts, Ethiopia couldn't prevent Assyrian dominance. Only God's direct intervention (701 BCE deliverance of Jerusalem) accomplished what Ethiopian military power couldn't.

Questions for Reflection

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