Hebrews 11:38

Authorized King James Version

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(Of whom the world was not worthy:) they wandered in deserts, and in mountains, and in dens and caves of the earth.

Original Language Analysis

ὧν (Of whom G3739
ὧν (Of whom
Strong's: G3739
Word #: 1 of 18
the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that
οὐκ not G3756
οὐκ not
Strong's: G3756
Word #: 2 of 18
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
ἦν was G2258
ἦν was
Strong's: G2258
Word #: 3 of 18
i (thou, etc.) was (wast or were)
ἄξιος worthy G514
ἄξιος worthy
Strong's: G514
Word #: 4 of 18
deserving, comparable or suitable (as if drawing praise)
G3588
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 5 of 18
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
κόσμος the world G2889
κόσμος the world
Strong's: G2889
Word #: 6 of 18
orderly arrangement, i.e., decoration; by implication, the world (including its inhabitants, literally or figuratively (morally))
ἐν in G1722
ἐν in
Strong's: G1722
Word #: 7 of 18
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
ἐρημίαις deserts G2047
ἐρημίαις deserts
Strong's: G2047
Word #: 8 of 18
solitude (concretely)
πλανώμενοι they wandered G4105
πλανώμενοι they wandered
Strong's: G4105
Word #: 9 of 18
to (properly, cause to) roam (from safety, truth, or virtue)
καὶ and G2532
καὶ and
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 10 of 18
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
ὄρεσιν in mountains G3735
ὄρεσιν in mountains
Strong's: G3735
Word #: 11 of 18
a mountain (as lifting itself above the plain)
καὶ and G2532
καὶ and
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 12 of 18
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
σπηλαίοις in dens G4693
σπηλαίοις in dens
Strong's: G4693
Word #: 13 of 18
a cavern; by implication, a hiding-place or resort
καὶ and G2532
καὶ and
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 14 of 18
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
ταῖς G3588
ταῖς
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 15 of 18
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
ὀπαῖς caves G3692
ὀπαῖς caves
Strong's: G3692
Word #: 16 of 18
a hole (as if for light), i.e., cavern; by analogy, a spring (of water)
τῆς G3588
τῆς
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 17 of 18
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
γῆς of the earth G1093
γῆς of the earth
Strong's: G1093
Word #: 18 of 18
soil; by extension a region, or the solid part or the whole of the terrene globe (including the occupants in each application)

Analysis & Commentary

Of whom the world was not worthy: they wandered in deserts, and in mountains, and in dens and caves of the earth. This stunning statement reverses worldly values. These persecuted, impoverished, hunted believers whom the world rejected, tortured, and killed are declared superior to the world itself. 'The world was not worthy' (ouk ēn axios ho kosmos, οὐκ ἦν ἄξιος ὁ κόσμος) means the world didn't deserve such noble inhabitants. Those the world deemed worthless are actually too valuable for the world.

Their wandering 'in deserts, mountains, dens and caves' describes fugitive existence, hiding from persecution like David fleeing Saul in Adullam cave (1 Samuel 22:1), Elijah at Horeb (1 Kings 19:9), Maccabean rebels in wilderness caves (1 Maccabees 2:29-31). Yet God values these refugees above the world's powerful who oppress them. This reflects Jesus' beatitude: 'Blessed are ye, when men shall revile you, and persecute you...for so persecuted they the prophets which were before you' (Matthew 5:11-12).

This verse encourages suffering believers that God's value system inverts the world's. Those whom the world rejects, God receives. Those whom society marginalizes, God honors. Those who lose everything for faith are richest in God's economy. Paul echoes this: 'as unknown, and yet well known; as dying, and, behold, we live; as chastened, and not killed; as sorrowful, yet alway rejoicing; as poor, yet making many rich; as having nothing, and yet possessing all things' (2 Corinthians 6:9-10).

Historical Context

Throughout redemptive history, God's faithful remnant often found themselves marginalized, persecuted, and forced into hiding. During various periods of apostasy in Israel's history, faithful believers became minorities fleeing corrupt authorities. The image of caves as refuge appears repeatedly—Lot's daughters in cave after Sodom's destruction (Genesis 19:30), Israelites hiding from Midianites (Judges 6:2), David's mighty men gathering in caves (1 Samuel 22:1), prophets hidden in caves during Jezebel's persecution (1 Kings 18:4). This pattern continued into intertestamental and New Testament eras. The statement that 'the world was not worthy' of such faithful sufferers would powerfully encourage early Christians facing Roman persecution.

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