Haggai 1:11

Authorized King James Version

And I called for a drought upon the land, and upon the mountains, and upon the corn, and upon the new wine, and upon the oil, and upon that which the ground bringeth forth, and upon men, and upon cattle, and upon all the labour of the hands.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וָאֶקְרָ֨א
And I called
to call out to (i.e., properly, address by name, but used in a wide variety of applications)
#2
חֹ֜רֶב
for a drought
drought or desolation
#3
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#4
הָאָ֣רֶץ
upon the land
the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
#5
וְעַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#6
הֶהָרִ֗ים
and upon the mountains
a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively)
#7
וְעַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#8
הַדָּגָן֙
and upon the corn
properly, increase, i.e., grain
#9
וְעַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#10
הַתִּיר֣וֹשׁ
and upon the new wine
must or fresh grape-juice (as just squeezed out); by implication (rarely) fermented wine
#11
וְעַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#12
הַיִּצְהָ֔ר
and upon the oil
oil (as producing light); figuratively, anointing
#13
וְעַ֛ל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#14
אֲשֶׁ֥ר
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
#15
תּוֹצִ֖יא
bringeth forth
to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim
#16
הָאֲדָמָ֑ה
and upon that which the ground
soil (from its general redness)
#17
וְעַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#18
הָֽאָדָם֙
and upon men
ruddy i.e., a human being (an individual or the species, mankind, etc.)
#19
וְעַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#20
הַבְּהֵמָ֔ה
and upon cattle
properly, a dumb beast; especially any large quadruped or animal (often collective)
#21
וְעַ֖ל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#22
כָּל
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
#23
יְגִ֥יעַ
and upon all the labour
toil; hence, a work, produce, property (as the result of labor)
#24
כַּפָּֽיִם׃
of the hands
the hollow hand or palm (so of the paw of an animal, of the sole, and even of the bowl of a dish or sling, the handle of a bolt, the leaves of a palm-

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The historical context of the biblical period relevant to this book's composition provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The the cultural context of the biblical world would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection