Genesis 49:17

Authorized King James Version

Dan shall be a serpent by the way, an adder in the path, that biteth the horse heels, so that his rider shall fall backward.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
יְהִי
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
#2
דָן֙
Dan
dan, one of the sons of jacob; also the tribe descended from him, and its territory; likewise a place in palestine colonized by them
#3
נָחָ֣שׁ
shall be a serpent
a snake (from its hiss)
#4
עֲלֵי
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#5
דֶ֔רֶךְ
by the way
a road (as trodden); figuratively, a course of life or mode of action, often adverb
#6
שְׁפִיפֹ֖ן
an adder
a kind of serpent (as snapping), probably the cerastes or horned adder
#7
עֲלֵי
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#8
אֹ֑רַח
in the path
a well-trodden road (literally or figuratively); also a caravan
#9
הַנֹּשֵׁךְ֙
that biteth
to strike with a sting (as a serpent); figuratively, to oppress with interest on a loan
#10
עִקְּבֵי
heels
a heel (as protuberant); hence, a track; figuratively, the rear (of an army)
#11
ס֔וּס
the horse
a horse (as leaping)
#12
וַיִּפֹּ֥ל
shall fall
to fall, in a great variety of applications (intransitive or causative, literal or figurative)
#13
רֹֽכְב֖וֹ
so that his rider
to ride (on an animal or in a vehicle); causatively, to place upon (for riding or generally), to despatch
#14
אָחֽוֹר׃
backward
the hinder part; hence (adverb) behind, backward; also (as facing north) the west

Analysis

The creation and providence theme here intersects with the broader canonical witness to God's character and purposes. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation that finds its culmination in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's consistent character and purposes.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of ancient Near Eastern narrative literature addressing origins and identity shapes this text's meaning. The development from creation to divine election established God's sovereign care over history Understanding a worldview where divine beings actively governed natural and historical processes helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine revelation in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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