Genesis 43:18

Authorized King James Version

And the men were afraid, because they were brought into Joseph's house; and they said, Because of the money that was returned in our sacks at the first time are we brought in; that he may seek occasion against us, and fall upon us, and take us for bondmen, and our asses.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיִּֽירְא֣וּ
were afraid
to fear; morally to revere; causatively to frighten
#2
הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֗ים
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
#3
כִּ֣י
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
#4
מֽוּבָאִ֑ים
are we brought in
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
#5
בֵּ֣ית
house
a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
#6
יוֹסֵף֒
into Joseph's
joseph, the name of seven israelites
#7
וַיֹּֽאמְר֗וּ
and they said
to say (used with great latitude)
#8
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#9
דְּבַ֤ר
Because
a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause
#10
הַכֶּ֙סֶף֙
of the money
silver (from its pale color); by implication, money
#11
הַשָּׁ֤ב
that was returned
to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);
#12
בְּאַמְתְּחֹתֵ֙ינוּ֙
in our sacks
properly, something expansive, i.e., a bag
#13
בַּתְּחִלָּ֔ה
at the first time
a commencement; relatively original (adverb, -ly)
#14
אֲנַ֖חְנוּ
we
#15
מֽוּבָאִ֑ים
are we brought in
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
#16
לְהִתְגֹּלֵ֤ל
that he may seek occasion
to roll (literally or figuratively)
#17
עָלֵ֙ינוּ֙
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#18
וּלְהִתְנַפֵּ֣ל
against us and fall
to fall, in a great variety of applications (intransitive or causative, literal or figurative)
#19
עָלֵ֔ינוּ
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#20
וְלָקַ֧חַת
upon us and take
to take (in the widest variety of applications)
#21
אֹתָ֛נוּ
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#22
לַֽעֲבָדִ֖ים
us for bondmen
a servant
#23
וְאֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#24
חֲמֹרֵֽינוּ׃
and our asses
a male ass (from its dun red)

Analysis

The creation and providence theme here intersects with the broader canonical witness to God's character and purposes. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation that finds its culmination in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's consistent character and purposes.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of ancient Near Eastern narrative literature addressing origins and identity shapes this text's meaning. The development from creation to divine election established God's sovereign care over history Understanding a worldview where divine beings actively governed natural and historical processes helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine revelation in this particular way.

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