Genesis 4:21

Authorized King James Version

And his brother's name was Jubal: he was the father of all such as handle the harp and organ.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וְשֵׁ֥ם
name
an appellation, as a mark or memorial of individuality; by implication honor, authority, character
#2
אָחִ֖יו
And his brother's
a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance [like h0001])
#3
יוּבָ֑ל
was Jubal
jubal, an antediluvian
#4
ה֣וּא
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo
#5
הָיָ֔ה
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
#6
אֲבִ֕י
H1
he was the father
father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application
#7
כָּל
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
#8
תֹּפֵ֥שׂ
of all such as handle
to manipulate, i.e., seize; chiefly to capture, wield, specifically, to overlay; figuratively, to use unwarrantably
#9
כִּנּ֖וֹר
the harp
a harp
#10
וְעוּגָֽב׃
and organ
a reed-instrument of music

Analysis

The creation and providence theme here intersects with the broader canonical witness to God's character and purposes. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation that finds its culmination in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's consistent character and purposes.

Historical Context

The historical context of the patriarchal period (c. 2000-1500 BCE) and primeval history provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The ancient Near Eastern world with its creation myths, flood narratives, and patriarchal social structures provided the cultural backdrop against which God's revelation stands in stark contrast. The ancient Near Eastern cosmology and patriarchal society would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Ancient Near Eastern creation texts like Enuma Elish provide comparative context for understanding Genesis's unique theological perspective.

Questions for Reflection

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