Genesis 23:1

Authorized King James Version

And Sarah was an hundred and seven and twenty years old: these were the years of the life of Sarah.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיִּֽהְיוּ֙
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
#2
חַיֵּ֥י
of the life
alive; hence, raw (flesh); fresh (plant, water, year), strong; also (as noun, especially in the feminine singular and masculine plural) life (or livin
#3
שָׂרָֽה׃
And Sarah
sarah, abraham's wife
#4
מֵאָ֥ה
was an hundred
a hundred; also as a multiplicative and a fraction
#5
שְׁנֵ֖י
these were the years
a year (as a revolution of time)
#6
וְעֶשְׂרִ֥ים
and twenty
twenty; also (ordinal) twentieth
#7
שְׁנֵ֖י
these were the years
a year (as a revolution of time)
#8
וְשֶׁ֣בַע
and seven
seven (as the sacred full one); also (adverbially) seven times; by implication, a week; by extension, an indefinite number
#9
שְׁנֵ֖י
these were the years
a year (as a revolution of time)
#10
שְׁנֵ֖י
these were the years
a year (as a revolution of time)
#11
חַיֵּ֥י
of the life
alive; hence, raw (flesh); fresh (plant, water, year), strong; also (as noun, especially in the feminine singular and masculine plural) life (or livin
#12
שָׂרָֽה׃
And Sarah
sarah, abraham's wife

Analysis

The creation and providence theme here intersects with the broader canonical witness to God's character and purposes. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation that finds its culmination in Christ. The phrase emphasizing life contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's consistent character and purposes.

Historical Context

The historical context of the patriarchal period (c. 2000-1500 BCE) and primeval history provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The ancient Near Eastern world with its creation myths, flood narratives, and patriarchal social structures provided the cultural backdrop against which God's revelation stands in stark contrast. The ancient Near Eastern cosmology and patriarchal society would have shaped how the original audience understood life. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Ancient Near Eastern creation texts like Enuma Elish provide comparative context for understanding Genesis's unique theological perspective.

Questions for Reflection

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