Ezra 10:10

Authorized King James Version

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And Ezra the priest stood up, and said unto them, Ye have transgressed, and have taken strange wives, to increase the trespass of Israel.

Original Language Analysis

וַיָּ֨קָם stood up H6965
וַיָּ֨קָם stood up
Strong's: H6965
Word #: 1 of 14
to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative)
עֶזְרָ֤א And Ezra H5830
עֶזְרָ֤א And Ezra
Strong's: H5830
Word #: 2 of 14
ezra, an israelite
הַכֹּהֵן֙ the priest H3548
הַכֹּהֵן֙ the priest
Strong's: H3548
Word #: 3 of 14
literally one officiating, a priest; also (by courtesy) an acting priest (although a layman)
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר and said H559
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר and said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 4 of 14
to say (used with great latitude)
אֲלֵהֶ֔ם H413
אֲלֵהֶ֔ם
Strong's: H413
Word #: 5 of 14
near, with or among; often in general, to
אַתֶּ֣ם H859
אַתֶּ֣ם
Strong's: H859
Word #: 6 of 14
thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you
מְעַלְתֶּ֔ם unto them Ye have transgressed H4603
מְעַלְתֶּ֔ם unto them Ye have transgressed
Strong's: H4603
Word #: 7 of 14
properly, to cover up; used only figuratively, to act covertly, i.e., treacherously
וַתֹּשִׁ֖יבוּ and have taken H3427
וַתֹּשִׁ֖יבוּ and have taken
Strong's: H3427
Word #: 8 of 14
properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry
נָשִׁ֣ים wives H802
נָשִׁ֣ים wives
Strong's: H802
Word #: 9 of 14
a woman
נָכְרִיּ֑וֹת strange H5237
נָכְרִיּ֑וֹת strange
Strong's: H5237
Word #: 10 of 14
strange, in a variety of degrees and applications (foreign, non-relative, adulterous, different, wonderful)
לְהוֹסִ֖יף to increase H3254
לְהוֹסִ֖יף to increase
Strong's: H3254
Word #: 11 of 14
to add or augment (often adverbial, to continue to do a thing)
עַל H5921
עַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 12 of 14
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
אַשְׁמַ֥ת the trespass H819
אַשְׁמַ֥ת the trespass
Strong's: H819
Word #: 13 of 14
guiltiness, a fault, the presentation of a sin-offering
יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ of Israel H3478
יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ of Israel
Strong's: H3478
Word #: 14 of 14
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity

Analysis & Commentary

And Ezra the priest stood up, and said unto them, Ye have transgressed, and have taken strange wives, to increase the trespass of Israel. Ezra's confrontation addresses the crisis directly without euphemism. The verb 'transgressed' (ma'altem, מְעַלְתֶּם) indicates covenant violation, not merely poor judgment. Taking 'strange wives' (nashim nochriyot, נָשִׁים נָכְרִיּוֹת) refers to foreign women whose pagan religious loyalties threatened Israel's covenant faithfulness. The phrase 'to increase the trespass of Israel' shows this wasn't merely individual sin but corporate unfaithfulness repeating historical patterns that had caused exile.

Ezra's standing position emphasized authoritative declaration, not tentative suggestion. Leaders must sometimes confront sin directly rather than offering vague exhortations. His clarity—naming the specific sin and its corporate implications—modeled courage and love. True pastoral care sometimes requires painful truth-telling, not merely affirming comfort. Avoiding confrontation enables continued sin, while loving confrontation creates opportunity for repentance and restoration.

Theologically, this illustrates that covenant unfaithfulness demands direct address. The church's prophetic function includes naming sin, calling for repentance, and explaining consequences. Gentle pastoral care has its place, but sometimes the situation requires prophetic confrontation. Ezra's approach wasn't harsh cruelty but faithful shepherding, recognizing that covenant violation threatens the community's spiritual survival.

Historical Context

The intermarriage problem involved both lay people and religious leaders (Ezra 9:1-2), indicating widespread compromise. The returned community, small and surrounded by paganism, faced constant pressure to assimilate. Intermarriage represented both social-economic advantage (alliances with powerful local families) and spiritual compromise (diluting exclusive Yahweh worship).

The 'strange wives' weren't condemned for ethnicity but for religious allegiance. Ruth the Moabite and Rahab the Canaanite had joined Israel through faith, showing that converts were welcomed. But pagan wives who maintained idolatrous practices threatened to draw husbands and children into apostasy, repeating the pattern that had destroyed the nation historically (1 Kings 11:1-8).

Ezra's confrontation occurred publicly, ensuring community awareness and accountability. Private sin correction has its place, but public sin affecting the whole community requires public address. The transparent handling prevented the issue from festering privately while enabling corporate repentance and restoration. This balance between appropriate privacy and necessary public accountability requires wisdom.

Questions for Reflection