Ezra 1:6

Authorized King James Version

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And all they that were about them strengthened their hands with vessels of silver, with gold, with goods, and with beasts, and with precious things, beside all that was willingly offered.

Original Language Analysis

וְכָל H3605
וְכָל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 1 of 14
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
סְבִיבֹֽתֵיהֶם֙ And all they that were about H5439
סְבִיבֹֽתֵיהֶם֙ And all they that were about
Strong's: H5439
Word #: 2 of 14
(as noun) a circle, neighbour, or environs; but chiefly (as adverb, with or without preposition) around
חִזְּק֣וּ them strengthened H2388
חִזְּק֣וּ them strengthened
Strong's: H2388
Word #: 3 of 14
to fasten upon; hence, to seize, be strong (figuratively, courageous, causatively strengthen, cure, help, repair, fortify), obstinate; to bind, restra
בִֽידֵיהֶ֔ם their hands H3027
בִֽידֵיהֶ֔ם their hands
Strong's: H3027
Word #: 4 of 14
a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v
בִּכְלֵי with vessels H3627
בִּכְלֵי with vessels
Strong's: H3627
Word #: 5 of 14
something prepared, i.e., any apparatus (as an implement, utensil, dress, vessel or weapon)
כֶ֧סֶף of silver H3701
כֶ֧סֶף of silver
Strong's: H3701
Word #: 6 of 14
silver (from its pale color); by implication, money
בַּזָּהָ֛ב with gold H2091
בַּזָּהָ֛ב with gold
Strong's: H2091
Word #: 7 of 14
gold, figuratively, something gold-colored (i.e., yellow), as oil, a clear sky
בָּֽרְכ֥וּשׁ with goods H7399
בָּֽרְכ֥וּשׁ with goods
Strong's: H7399
Word #: 8 of 14
property (as gathered)
וּבַבְּהֵמָ֖ה and with beasts H929
וּבַבְּהֵמָ֖ה and with beasts
Strong's: H929
Word #: 9 of 14
properly, a dumb beast; especially any large quadruped or animal (often collective)
וּבַמִּגְדָּנ֑וֹת and with precious things H4030
וּבַמִּגְדָּנ֑וֹת and with precious things
Strong's: H4030
Word #: 10 of 14
preciousness, i.e., a gem
לְבַ֖ד H905
לְבַ֖ד
Strong's: H905
Word #: 11 of 14
properly, separation; by implication, a part of the body, branch of a tree, bar for carrying; figuratively, chief of a city; especially (with preposit
עַל H5921
עַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 12 of 14
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
כָּל H3605
כָּל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 13 of 14
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
הִתְנַדֵּֽב׃ beside all that was willingly offered H5068
הִתְנַדֵּֽב׃ beside all that was willingly offered
Strong's: H5068
Word #: 14 of 14
to impel; hence, to volunteer (as a soldier), to present spontaneously

Analysis & Commentary

And all they that were about them strengthened their hands with vessels of silver, with gold, with goods, and with beasts, and with precious things, beside all that was willingly offered. This verse describes implementation of Cyrus's provision. The phrase 'strengthened their hands' (chizqu bideihem) is an idiom meaning to provide support and encouragement, both material and moral.

The comprehensive list—vessels, silver, gold, goods, beasts, precious things—indicates substantial wealth transferred. This wasn't token assistance but significant material foundation. The repetition emphasizes abundance and thoroughness. God ensured His people left exile enriched, echoing the exodus pattern.

The phrase 'beside all that was willingly offered' distinguishes between obligatory support and voluntary additional giving. This suggests enthusiastic response exceeding requirements, demonstrating genuine excitement about temple restoration. Voluntary offerings indicate that many who couldn't return still wanted to invest through giving.

Historical Context

The transfer of wealth from Babylonian Jews to Palestinian returnees created economic foundation. Without such resources, returnees would have arrived destitute in devastated land with no means to rebuild. This provision demonstrated both divine blessing and human generosity working together.

Archaeological evidence suggests many Babylonian Jews achieved significant economic success during exile. Business documents from Murashu archives show Jews engaged in banking, trade, and agriculture. Some had become wealthy and influential. Their willingness to support the return financially showed maintained commitment to covenant identity.

The pattern of wealthy diaspora communities supporting the homeland established precedent continuing through Jewish history. This model influenced later Christian practice of churches supporting missionary ventures.

Questions for Reflection