Ezekiel 39:18

Authorized King James Version

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Ye shall eat the flesh of the mighty, and drink the blood of the princes of the earth, of rams, of lambs, and of goats, of bullocks, all of them fatlings of Bashan.

Original Language Analysis

בְּשַׂ֤ר the flesh H1320
בְּשַׂ֤ר the flesh
Strong's: H1320
Word #: 1 of 14
flesh (from its freshness); by extension, body, person; also (by euphemistically) the pudenda of a man
גִּבּוֹרִים֙ of the mighty H1368
גִּבּוֹרִים֙ of the mighty
Strong's: H1368
Word #: 2 of 14
powerful; by implication, warrior, tyrant
תֹּאכֵ֔לוּ Ye shall eat H398
תֹּאכֵ֔לוּ Ye shall eat
Strong's: H398
Word #: 3 of 14
to eat (literally or figuratively)
וְדַם the blood H1818
וְדַם the blood
Strong's: H1818
Word #: 4 of 14
blood (as that which when shed causes death) of man or an animal; by analogy, the juice of the grape; figuratively (especially in the plural) bloodshe
נְשִׂיאֵ֥י of the princes H5387
נְשִׂיאֵ֥י of the princes
Strong's: H5387
Word #: 5 of 14
properly, an exalted one, i.e., a king or sheik; also a rising mist
הָאָ֖רֶץ of the earth H776
הָאָ֖רֶץ of the earth
Strong's: H776
Word #: 6 of 14
the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
תִּשְׁתּ֑וּ and drink H8354
תִּשְׁתּ֑וּ and drink
Strong's: H8354
Word #: 7 of 14
to imbibe (literally or figuratively)
אֵילִ֨ים of rams H352
אֵילִ֨ים of rams
Strong's: H352
Word #: 8 of 14
properly, strength; hence, anything strong; specifically an oak or other strong tree
כָּרִ֤ים of lambs H3733
כָּרִ֤ים of lambs
Strong's: H3733
Word #: 9 of 14
a ram (as full-grown and fat), including a battering-ram (as butting)
וְעַתּוּדִים֙ and of goats H6260
וְעַתּוּדִים֙ and of goats
Strong's: H6260
Word #: 10 of 14
prepared, i.e., full grown; spoken only (in plural) of he-goats, or (figuratively) leaders of the people
פָּרִ֔ים of bullocks H6499
פָּרִ֔ים of bullocks
Strong's: H6499
Word #: 11 of 14
a bullock (apparently as breaking forth in wild strength, or perhaps as dividing the hoof)
מְרִיאֵ֥י all of them fatlings H4806
מְרִיאֵ֥י all of them fatlings
Strong's: H4806
Word #: 12 of 14
stall-fed; often (as noun) a beeve
בָשָׁ֖ן of Bashan H1316
בָשָׁ֖ן of Bashan
Strong's: H1316
Word #: 13 of 14
bashan (often with the article), a region east of the jordan
כֻּלָּֽם׃ H3605
כֻּלָּֽם׃
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 14 of 14
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

Analysis & Commentary

Ye shall eat the flesh of the mighty, and drink the blood of the princes of the earth—The Hebrew gibborim (גִּבֹּרִים, "mighty men") typically designates elite warriors, while nesiey ha-aretz (נְשִׂיאֵי הָאָרֶץ, "princes of the earth") indicates rulers and nobility. This comprehensive list—from military elite to political leadership—shows no human power escapes divine judgment.

The livestock metaphors—rams, lambs, goats, bullocks, all of them fatlings of Bashan—compare Gog's warriors to prime sacrificial animals. Bashan (בָּשָׁן), the fertile region east of Galilee, was renowned for superior livestock (Deuteronomy 32:14, Amos 4:1). By comparing warriors to Bashan's choicest animals, Ezekiel emphasizes that earth's mightiest leaders are merely fattened livestock before God's sovereignty. This brutally deflates human pretension to autonomous power.

Historical Context

In ancient Near Eastern culture, Bashan's pastures produced the finest cattle, making "fatlings of Bashan" proverbial for excellence and abundance. Psalm 22:12 uses "strong bulls of Bashan" to symbolize powerful enemies surrounding the Messiah. Amos 4:1 sarcastically calls Samaria's oppressive elite "cows of Bashan."

For exilic Israel, this prophecy reversed their experience: instead of being devoured by superior enemies, their oppressors would become carrion. The sacrificial imagery (rams, lambs, goats, bullocks) indicates these deaths fulfill divine purpose—not random violence but orchestrated judgment. This influenced later apocalyptic literature, particularly Revelation's depiction of final judgment where human pretensions to power are definitively exposed and destroyed.

Questions for Reflection

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